高强系泊链钢在二氧化硫污染海洋大气环境下的应力腐蚀行为

随着陆地油气资源枯竭,越来越多的国家正在寻求开发利用海洋资源。为避免海上石油平台在海啸、台风和巨浪等恶劣环境倒塌,抗拉强度高达1000 MPa的R5级系泊链钢被广泛应用于海上石油平台。然而,以往的研究证明应力腐蚀开裂是导致系泊链钢失效的主要因素。因此,研究系泊钢的应力腐蚀过程具有重要意义。本文旨在研究海洋大气环境下硫化物浓度对系泊链钢应力腐蚀行为的影响规律及机制。本文采用了慢应变速率拉伸、电子背散射衍射和扫描电镜研究了硫化物浓度对系泊链钢应力腐蚀行为的影响规律,采用了电化学极化、X射线光电子能谱和X射线能谱等手段研究了不同硫化物浓度对系泊链钢腐蚀行为的影响,以此为基础阐明了高强系泊链钢在海洋大气环境下的应力腐蚀机制。研究结果表明,随着模拟海洋大气环境中SO₂污染程度的增加,腐蚀电流密度增大,腐蚀产物致密性更高,更易萌生点蚀。随着模拟海洋大气环境中SO₂污染程度的增加,系泊链钢的应力腐蚀敏感性增大。断口结果表明应力腐蚀裂纹萌生于点蚀,裂纹以沿晶和穿晶混合的方式扩展。由此总结系泊链钢在该环境下的应力腐蚀由阳极溶解机制和氢脆机制共同控制。     

现代无线电导航设备在航海中的应用

分析了现代航海对导航设备的要求，论述了当前无线电导航设备在航海中的各种应用。     

系统药物学

系统药物学,是在系统水平认识药物,研究药物作用的系统性、多组分药物系统、和药物信息分子。系统药物学包括计算系统药物学、实验系统药物学及系统药物治疗学,需要引入新的思路、技术、算法与软件、设备等。中药现代化的方向是系统药物学,中药西化只是其组成部分之一。同时,要西药中化,西药中化与中药西化将成为构建系统药物学理论体系的重要组成部分。本文还讨论了系统药物学研究对药物发现和个性化治疗的意义。     

改进的实时海浪网格模型

基于深水中的长峰波波浪模型,给出了视点相关的梯形海面网格自适应模型,能快速逼真的实时生成航海仿真系统中的多通道海浪。本算法只对每个通道可见部分的网格海面进行计算,满足屏幕图像各点的分辨率,在保证较好的图像质量的同时提高了绘制效率。可以通过控制网格的疏密和波浪序列的数目,灵活的控制绘图的质量和计算时间上的花费,满足不同配置的仿真应用。     

Malaria prophylaxis in travellers: The current position

Summary Malaria prevention is a main challenge for physicians, nurses, health officers and tour operators. The attack rate of malaria in travellers is 1–10/10,000 departures, and the case fatality rate of imported malaria is around 0.5/100. Travellers should be informed about the risk they are going to take, how to protect against mosquito bites, about the antimalarials they will have to take and about what to do when a malaria breakthrough should occur.The 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine, amodiaquine) remain the drug of choice for the prevention ofPlasmodium vivax and of sensitiveP. falciparum infections. The problem is to find an effective and safe drug combination for travellers to areas whereP. falciparum is either resistant to chloroquine, to Fansidar (the combination of pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine) or to both. These travellers will probably best be protected by an individually tailored drug combination, which includes amodiaquine or mefloquine as baseline drugs, and a supplementation with Fansidar, Maloprim (the combination of pyrimethamine with dapsone), paludrine or an antibiotic.     

Stratigraphy and paleontology of the marine Jurrassic strata in Vietnam

Marine Jurassic strata in Vietnam have yielded characteristic ammonites and occur in: (1) west Quang Binh Province located in the eastern margin of the Nam Theun Basin (the main part of which is located in Middle Laos); (2) the Nong Son Basin situated in the north of the Kon Tum Geoblock; (3) the Da Lat Basin, the largest Jurassic basin in Vietnam, extending from the southern margin of the Kon Tum Geoblock to southeast of Ho Chi Minh City. In the first two, Lower Jurassic marine beds occupy the lower part of the section and grade up into Middle Jurassic red beds. In central Da Lat Basin the section consists completely of marine strata containing many ammonite levels dated from Early Sinemurian to Bajocian, whereas the marginal basin section is like the first two areas. Based particularly on biostratigraphical evidence, a marine transgression is considered to have entered the Indochina Block as early as the Late Hettangian. During the early transgression the fauna was distinctly endemic, showing the separate character of the basins, but since the Late Sinemurian, communication between the Da Lat and other basins was established; the marine regime in Da Lat Basin ended around the Late Bathonian.     

海洋生物工程的巨大潜力及开发动态

论述了海洋在粮食、牧业、药业等方面开发的巨大潜力,介绍了世界上一些国家海洋生物工程的开发动态,提出了我国应采取的对策与建议。     

Vidalols A and B,new anti-inflammatory bromophenols from the Caribbean marine red algaVidalia obtusaloba

Chemical studies of the Caribbean red algaVidalia obtusaloba have resulted in the isolation of two new bromophenolic metabolites, vidalols A and B (1, 2). The new compounds were discovered as part of an organized effort to isolate new naturally-occurring anti-inflammatory agents with a focus upon those which may function through the inhibition of phospholipase A₂.     

船舶柴油机废气利用系统热经济分析与优化

借助多产品热能系统的热经济辅助方程，对船舶柴油机废气的单位Yong成材进行了分析，同时通过一实例，对船舶柴油机废气利用系统进行了热经济分析和优化设计。     

基于BP神经网络的海洋声学仪器信号识别方法

分析了几种常用海洋声学仪器信号的基本特征,提出一种基于误差反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络,以实现对信号特征参数进行分类、识别的方法.该方法采用短时傅里叶变换提取信号特征参数,运用Levenberg-Marquardt算法训练BP神经网络.以实测海洋声学仪器信号的特征参数进行训练后,采用实测和仿真样本对BP神经网络的识别能力进行测试.实验结果表明,BP神经网络能够有效地区分不同海洋声学仪器的信号,识别准确率达到95%以上,且虚警率低于5%.该研究成果可用于识别海域中不同海洋声学仪器,检测海洋中声学仪器的工作状态.该识别方法对于其他海洋声信号的识别研究也有一定的参考价值.