生物结构自组装

生物大分子、复合物分子机器、细胞器、完整细胞乃至生命个体的形成, 自组装贯穿其中, 并有极其复杂的调控机制. 本文归纳分析了生物结构自组装的特点及其物理、化学和几何学原理, 并以新生肽链折叠和染色体折叠浓缩为例描述自组装的生物调控原理. 采用自组装策略, 已经开发了许多生物纳米功能结构, 如DNA平面和立体结构、DNA马达、蛋白纳米线、荧光双分子互补系统等. 研究复杂生物体系的自组装极具挑战, 可使我们更接近生命的本质, 还将为纳米科学技术和仿生学提供许多启示.     

表面活性剂辅助溶剂热方法合成PbS纳米立方微晶的研究

借助表面活性剂辅助溶剂热方法合成了PbS纳米立方微晶,在合成过程中采用正丁醇与水构成溶剂,S2-由硫代乙酰胺在120℃分解提供.X-射线晶体衍射分析(XRD)表明产物属立方晶体,能谱分析(EDS)显示该样品存在Pb与S两种元素,二者比例为1∶1,并对PbS纳米立方微晶的形成机理进行了探讨。     

一维CdS纳米结构的光致发光和微腔性能研究

运用低温变温宏观光致发光和共焦空间分辨光致发光光谱技术,研究了由催化剂辅助化学气相沉积方法生长的一维CdS纳米结构(纳米带和纳米棒)的发光机制及单个纳米结构光学微腔的性质。在10-290 K之间,光谱对温度的依赖关系清楚地显示了CdS纳米结构的室温近带边发光主要由自由激子发光及其声子伴线组成。纳米结构的端面和侧壁均可对近带边发光表现出较强的束缚作用,形成法布里-珀罗(FP)和回音壁(WG)两种谐振腔,并表现出较明显的非线性特征。深能级的缺陷发光在WG微腔中形成较强的等间距腔模式,而在FP微腔中其在轴向上的传播则损耗较大。上述结果有助于理解两种纳米结构光学微腔的机制,并支持了与激子相关的微腔模式的激子极化激元模型。     

表面主客体复合自组装纳米结构的STM 研究

基于自组装的基本原理, 以“自下而上”的方式在表面构筑主客体复合纳米结构是纳 米科学与技术研究的重要内容之一, 并在单分子科学和纳米电子学等领域具有重要意义. 扫描隧道显微镜(STM)以其原位、实时、实空间和原子级分辨的优点, 在主客体复合体系 表面自组装的研究中发挥了不可替代的作用. 在表面组装中, 主客体分子之间有多种不同 的复合模式, 最常见的是客体分子填充于由主体分子构成的含有空腔的二维骨架结构, 空 腔的大小和对称性由主体分子的结构调节, 客体分子通过尺寸匹配等效应填充; 客体分子 能够沿着主体分子形成的单层结构外延生长, 在主体分子层上面形成第二层客体结构; 此 外, 主体分子形成的组装结构能够根据客体分子的尺寸和形状做出相应的改变来适应不同 的客体分子, 进一步丰富了主客体复合结构的内涵. 本文以主客体分子之间的复合方式为 主线介绍固体表面构筑主客体复合纳米结构的最新进展.     

Zinc oxide nanostructures and porous films produced by oxidation of zinc precursors in wet-oxygen atmosphere

Wet oxidation can be used to produce high quality zinc oxide(ZnO) nanostructures at moderately high temperatures with low requirements of equipment and experimental conditions.Zn precursor films were prepared by magnetron sputtering and controlled ZnO nanostructures were produced by oxidation of the Zn precursor films in wet O_2.The growth mechanism of the ZnO nanowires and nanobelts in wet oxidation was discussed based on the experimental results.Silver and nitrogen doping were realized in the wet oxida...     

Synthesis, assembly and device of 1-dimentional nanostructures

Synthesis and assembly of 1-dimentional (1-D) nanostructures and measurement of their electrical and optical properties are very important in fabrication of nanodevices. Recent developments in this field are summarized in this review. The assembling methods can be divided into two classes: assembly using macroscopic field forces and microfluidic-assisted-template-integration. The former can assemble nanowires by controlling direction and intensity of electric or magnetic field, while the latter represents a general assembly strategy for any kind of 1-D nanostructures. The assembly of 1-D nanostructures will make it possible to fabricate nanosensors, nanolasers and nanoscale logic gate circuits for computation.     

Hierarchically porous Ni monolith@branch-structured NiCo2O4 for high energy density supercapacitors

A variety of NiCo2O4 nanostrucutures ranging from nanowire to nanoplate and branched structures were successfully prepared via a simple hydrothermal process. The experimental results show that NiCo2O4 with branched structures possesses the best overall electrochemical performance. The improvement of energy density was explored in terms of hierarchically three-dimensional (3D) metal substrates and a high specific area capacitance, and area energy density is obtained with hierarchically porous Ni monolith synthesized through a controlled combustion procedure.     

Self-assembly of chiral amphiphiles with π-conjugated tectons

Self-assembly of chiral amphiphiles with π-conjugated tectons into one-dimensional helical nanostructures offers great potential applications in the biological,physical,and material sciences.In this review,the recent development of supramolecular self-assembly of chiral amphiphiles with π-conjugated tectons has been discussed on the basis of experimental exploration by elegantly utilizing cooperative noncovalent forces such as π-π stacking,hydrophobic interaction,hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction,and the potential applications of these self-assembled helical nanostructures in chiral recognition,asymmetric catalysis,electrical conduction,switchable interfaces and soft template for the fabrication of one-dimensional hard materials are described by a representative example.Meanwhile,some scientific and technical challenges in the development of supramolecular self-assembly of chiral amphiphiles with π-conjugated tectons are also presented.It is hoped that this review can summarize the strategies for self-assembling soft nanomaterials by using chiral amphiphiles with π-conjugated tectons,and also as a guideline for design functional nanomaterials for various potential applications.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO纳米结构

我们采用溶胶.凝胶法合成了不同形貌的ZnO纳米结构,详细研究了退火温度对ZnO结构和形貌的影响.SEM结果表明在900℃可以合成ZnO纳米棒,退火温度对形貌有影响.ZnO纳米棒的直径为200mm左右,长度可以达到几微米.     

Surface nanostructures orienting self-protection of an orthodontic nickel-titanium shape memory alloys wire

Shape memory alloys (SMA) have been applied to a wide variety of applications in a number of different fields such as aeronautical applications, sensors/actuators, medical sciences as well as orthodontics. It is a hot topic to enhance the anti-corrosion ability of orthodontic wires for clinical applications. In this letter, a very nice fractal structure, micro-domains with identical nanometer sized grooves, was ob- tained on the surfaces of the orthodontic wires with an oxygen plasma and acid corrosion. The concave parts of the grooves were dominated by titanium and convex parts were the same as the bulk wires. The micro-nano fractal structure generated a hydrophobic surface with the largest contact angle to water being about 157°. The titanium dominated nanolayer and the hydrophobicity of the surface resulted in jointly the great improvement of the anti-corrosion ability of the orthodontic wires. Because the fractal structures of the wires were formed automatically when they immersed in acidic environment, hence, the self-protection of the oxygen plasma-treated orthodontic wires in acidic environment indicates their potential applications in orthodontics, and should be also inspirable for other applications of SMA materials.