三峡库区小江流域溶解态氮素污染模拟

小江是三峡库区中部北岸流域面积最大的一级支流,农田以紫色土坡地为主,随降雨形成的地表径流和壤中流流失的非点源溶解态氮是水体中氮素污染的主要来源.根据小江流域地形、土壤等特性,构建流域溶解态氮素污染模型,并将具有物理机制的SLURP分布式水文模型引入污染模型中地表径流和壤中流的模拟,借助GIS技术,对小江流域2000～2007年溶解态氮的输出量与负荷的时空分布进行了模拟与定量计算.结果表明:土地产生的负荷占总负荷的68.3%～76.8%,农村居民点产生的负荷占23.2%～31.7%;土地产生的负荷中85%以上来源于农田.     

珠江流域西江、北江河流溶解无机碳及其稳定同位素组成特征

 为了探讨珠江流域西江、北江河流溶解无机碳（DIC）及其稳定同位素组成（δ¹³C_DIC）特征,分别于2007年春季和夏季对流域低水期、高水期的西、北江及思贤滘河道DIC及其稳定同位素组成进行了实测调查。结合实测河道水体理化参数,采用碳的稳定同位素示踪技术和多参数相关分析法,对西、北江流域及其滘口的河流DIC组成、性质及其碳源汇机制进行了分析。结果表明,西、北江的河流DIC的组成、性质都有明显的差异且存在显著的季节变化。春季,西、北江的河道DIC浓度及其δ¹³C_DIC分别为1 942 μmol/L、1 637 μmol/L和-11.75‰、-12.44 ‰;而夏季,西、北江的河道DIC浓度及其δ¹³C_DIC分别为1 986 μmol/L、1 383 μmol/L和-13.03‰、-12.77‰。河道DIC浓度及其δ¹³C_DIC的这种差异反映出西、北江流域结构特性对DIC侵蚀、输移的显著影响。夏季汛期,流域的高温多雨环境致使大量有机质汇入河道、强烈分解、释放大量轻碳,使得西、北江河道δ¹³C_DIC都低于春季;由于汛期高温和径流的共同作用使得北江DIC远远小于春季,而西江DIC却略高于春季。思贤滘水道的DIC浓度及其δ¹³C_DIC受西、北江来水的控制发生季节变化。     

Regional relationship between the Jiang-Huai Meiyu and the equatorial surface-subsurface temperature anomalies

The Jiang-Huai Meiyu rainy season can be distinguished into the Jiangnan Meiyu spell and the Huaihe Meiyu spell. The Jiangnan Meiyu spell appears on the last ten days in June and the Huaihe Meiyu spell lasts from early July to middle July. An inter-decadal transition was observed in 1998 respectively from the anomalies of Jiangnan Meiyu rainfall, the sea surface temperature (SST), and the subsurface tem- perature in the equatorial Pacific. Since the beginning of the 21^_st century, opposite trends and biennial oscillations of the Meiyu rainfall are observed in the Jiangnan and Huaihe basins. Before the strong La Niña of 1999―2000, the positive SST anomalies usually occurred in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Since the beginning of the 21^_st century, a precursory warming signal of SST anomaly comes from the subsurface temperature which is centrally exposed near the dateline in the central equatorial Pacific. The above-normal Meiyu rainfall in 2003, 2005 and 2007 over the Huaihe basin followed the prior winter- spring positive SST anomaly near the dateline. A relationship shows that the more Jiangnan (Huaihe) Meiyu follows the winter-spring warm water in the eastern (central) equatorial Pacific.     

Multiobjective Optimal Water ResourcesManagement for a Large River Basin

1IntroductionTiledesigllalldof)erati()lloftilt.egratedmultiplewatersuppliesandhydroelectricfacilitiestol>ostutilizea1'egi()llalt-c'aterresourcecallcollstituteacolllplexanddifficultoptimizationprohleln.involvingill('tilt(-'r;\('tiollofI)oliti('alalldlegalprocesses,institutiollalregulat,ionsalldengilleerillgecollolllics.Tllolastqllart('rofa(}elltur}'11aswitllessedasigllificantdevelopmelltofoptimizatiollalgol'itllllls.Tillsif('ti\.it}'ilasI>een1llotivatedbytwomajorfactorsftherapidevolutiollofcom…     

漾濞江流域土地利用变化分析

在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,利用1990年和2001年的遥感影像作为信息源,分析了漾濞江流域土地利用变化特征.结果表明:林地面积增加2 791.71 hm2,城乡工矿居民用地面积增加1 290.55 hm2,草地面积减少4 014.18 hm2;土地利用总体变化速度较快,综合土地利用动态度为0.77%;土地利用程度变化不大,1990年和2001年土地利用程度综合指数分别为215.037和215.567,土地利用仍处于发展时期;研究区仍有2 148.45hm2的耕地需要退耕还林、还草.     

New records of Alvinocarididae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the southwestern Pacific hydrothermal vents,with descriptions of one new genus and three new species

Three new species of the caridean family Alvinocarididae are described from hydrothermal vents in the Southwest Pacific, namely, Chorocaris parva sp. nov. (Manus Basin, 1305–1684 m), Chorocaris variabilis sp. nov. (Manus and North Fiji basins and Vanuatu, 1305–2480 m) and Manuscaris acuminatus gen. et sp. nov. (Manus Basin, 1310 m). Morphological affinities of these three species are discussed. Molecular genetic analysis using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene supports the recognition of the two new species assigned to Chorocaris Martin and Hessler, 1990. The generic diagnosis of Chorocaris is slightly emended to accommodate the two new species. Opaepele susannae Komai, Gierre and Segonzac, 2007 is transferred to Chorocaris. Alvinocaris komai Zelnio and Hourdez, 2009, originally described from the Lau Basin, is newly recorded from the North Fiji Basin and Vanuatu (Nifonea vent field), at depths of 1740–2750 m.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4BFC8C31-C006-4738-BED7-B13D3296A7CA     

山间盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿物质来源研究——以吐哈盆地和二连盆地为例

通过野外观察、镜下鉴定和锆石测年分析,研究吐哈盆地和二连盆地砂岩型铀矿的成矿物质来源。研究结果表明,吐哈盆地目的层锆石年龄主要集中在(440.9±2.3)Ma,其物源应为加里东期片麻状花岗岩侵入体,铀源主要来自于预富集。二连盆地物源主要来源于古河道上游和两侧岩体,铀源主要以岩体铀的风化淋滤为主,地层中火山碎屑岩也为铀的富集提供了补充。并在此基础上分析了山间盆地铀源条件对铀成矿的控制与影响。     

铁路建设和运营对岩溶泉域水环境的影响——以大同至西安客运专线为例

以山西省兰村泉域范围内新建大同至西安客运专线为例,分别从站场给排水、隧道建设、桥梁建设、路基建设、电气化建设和铁路运营等6个方面分析和评价了铁路建设和运营对泉域水环境产生的影响,并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

综合式消力池设计中的几个问题

在综合式消力池设计中，消能控制条件的确定非常关键，其与闸门开启方案、初始开度及单宽流量的计算有关；而池长与池深的控制条件并不一定在同一开启孔数及同一开度下相重合。通过工程实例对以上问题进行了阐述和分析，纠正了以往工程设计中经常出现的错误。