聚丙烯酸-高岭土杂化高吸水材料的合成与性能

在高岭土存在下，以Ｎ－Ｎ－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂，以过硫酸钾作引发剂，部分中和的丙烯酸单体进行聚合交联反应，合成高聚物／无机杂化高吸水性材料，采用正交设计法，研究中和度，单体用量，引发剂量，交联剂量，高岭土加入量及反应温度对吸水率的影响。     

中国牡丹的输出及其在国外的发展 Ⅱ:野生牡丹

报道了中国野生牡丹向国外（主要是欧美）输出及其后发展的情况，并探讨了如何利用野生种质资源培育新品种的问题：欧美利用黄牡丹（Ｐａｅｏｎｉａｌｕｔｅａ）和紫牡丹（Ｐｄａｌａｖａｙｉ）与普通牡丹（Ｐｓｕｆｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓａ）杂交已取得巨大成就；大花黄牡丹（Ｐｌｕｄｌｏｗｉ）、狭叶牡丹（Ｐｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉ）、紫斑牡丹（Ｐｒｏｃｋｉ）和杨山牡丹（Ｐｏｓｔｉ）等野生种在育种中应用的潜力很大．丰富花色、延长花期、扩大裁培范围等育种问题，均可利用野生种质资源加以解决．     

Physical location of terminal markers belonging to five linkage groups in maize RFLP map using in situ hybridization

Ten terminal or subterminal RFLP markers belonging to linkage groups 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10 in maize RFLP map were physically locted onto maize mitotic chromosomes with in situ hybridization. All biotinylated probes from 600 to 2 250 bp were detected by DAB staining. The markers belonging to linkage groups 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10 correspondingly located at the chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10. All of the tested markers except bnl6.25 and umc44 were duplicated sequences. Each of them was also labeled on another chromosome besides on the chromosome corresponding to its linkage group. The marker bnl3. 04 was triplicated sequences and the signals were detected on three nonhomologous chromosomes. In the tested ten markers, there were only four located at the ends of corresponding chromosomes. Others were located at sites midway along the chromosome arms or near the centromeres. The region covered by two terminal or subterminal markers in each of linkage groups 1, 3, 5, and 6 occupied 80.02%, 38.25%, 82.30% and 51.16% of the region of both short and long arms in chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 6 respectively. Only two terminal markers of linkage group 10 covered the whole chromosome 10. In some linkage groups, two terminal or subterminal markers covered a short genetic distance but were physically distant, while two covering a longer genetic distance were physically closer. Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Doctorate Vesting Point Foundation of the Education Committec of the People's Republic of China Mao Ninghui: born in 1986, used to be an MS student of Wuhan University in 1992–1995 and now is working in Fudan University, Shanghai 200433     

不同毒力松材线虫杂交后代的繁殖力和致病力的比较

为了解松材线虫致病力及繁殖力的遗传变异规律,以松材线虫强毒虫株及弱毒虫株为亲本进行杂交试验,并对杂交后代的繁殖力和致病力进行比较。结果表明:不同亲本间杂交成功率不同,同一对亲本的正交、反交成功率亦不同。大多数杂交后代群体在灰葡萄孢上和马尾松苗体内的繁殖力与亲本之间差异显著。杂交后代群体及强毒亲本接种马尾松5周后的致萎蔫率达90%~100%,而弱毒亲本接种的植株在10周后仅20%出现轻微的萎蔫症状。统计分析表明,松材线虫致病力与其在树体内的繁殖力间存在中等程度的正相关性,与灰葡萄孢上的繁殖力相关性较弱。聚类分析表明,不同毒力松材线虫杂交后代群体的致病力与繁殖力之间没有亲缘关系偏向,繁殖力与致病力不存在伴性遗传。     

甘肃地区女性宫颈HPV感染的现状研究

目的:了解甘肃地区女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的基因亚型、年龄及地区分布等.方法:采用凯普医用核酸分子快速导流杂交基因芯片技术,对7318名兰州女性进行生殖道21种HPV感染基因亚型筛查.结果:甘肃地区女性HPV感染率为19.9%(1 452/7 318),其中高危型HPV感染率14.78%(1 082/7 318),低危型HPV感染率3.38%(247/7 318),高危型中HPV16为主要致病亚型,占28.59%(415/1 452),低危型中HPV6占6.30%(98/1 452).1452例感染HPV的标本中,单一感染1 188例,占81.82%(1 188/1 452),多重感染264例,占18.18%(264/1 452).按年龄分组中≥50岁组HPV感染率最高,占24.24%.按地区分析,陇南地区HPV感染率最高,达到30.97%(83/268).结论:甘肃地区为宫颈癌高发区,其中HPV16是感染最多的型别,对该地区女性进行子宫颈癌的筛查和防治已成为当务之急.     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. latifolia by in situ hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase I of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chro- mosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in com- plete male sterility in the hybrid.     

用复制酶基因cDNA探针检测表达病毒外壳蛋白基因马铃薯中的PLRV

利用马铃薯卷叶病毒（ＰＬＲＶ）复制酶基因３′端长约６００ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ，用缺口平移方法进行３２Ｐ同位素标记，制备成ｃＤＮＡ探针，通过核酸斑点杂交，对提纯的马铃薯卷叶病毒（ＰＬＲＶ）、病毒ＲＮＡ、ＰＬＲＶ感染的马铃薯汁液，表达ＰＬＲＶＣＰ基因的马铃薯叶片及块茎芽进行了检测．结果表明，３２Ｐ标记的复制酶基因ｃＤＮＡ探针特异性强、灵敏度高．可测得提纯病毒的最低含量为４０８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，病毒ＲＮＡ最低量为２７．８ｐｇ／ｍｌ，未转ＣＰ基因接种ＰＬＲＶ的马铃薯叶片提取液的最高稀释度为１３７５．接种ＰＬＲＶ的转ＣＰ基因的抗性马铃薯块茎芽和叶片提取液的最高稀释度为０～１／１５．此探针和只转入病毒外壳蛋白基因，不接种ＰＬＲＶ的转基因马铃薯汁液不发生反应．表明，探针只与ＰＬＲＶ基因组ＲＮＡ特异反应，而不与外壳蛋白基因及其ｍＲＮＡ反应，从而为表达ＣＰ基因的转基因马铃薯中ＰＬＲＶ的检测和抗病性鉴定建立了一种可靠的灵敏的分子生物学技术．此项技术已用于转ＣＰ基因马铃薯Ｄｅｓｉｒｅ，Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ，乌盟６０１和虎头的抗病性鉴定     

染色体核型研究的方法及应用

本文综述了染色体核型研究的5种基本方法及应用领域，讨论了每种方法的优点及其局限，并对核型研究的方法及应用进行了展望．     

抑制性扣除杂交(SSH)技术原理及在水稻基因表达差异分析中的应用

抑制性扣除杂交法运用了杂交二极动力学和链内退火优先于链间的原理，使原丰度有差别的单链cDNA相对含量基本一致，使非目的片段两端反向重复序列退火时产生“发卡”结构，不能与引物配对，从而选择性地抑制了非目的片段扩增。该方法假阳性率低，灵敏度高，在水稻基因表达差异分析中有着广泛的应用。