Non-fragile decentralized H∞ controller design for uncertain linear systems

Considering the design problem of non-fragile decentralized H∞ controller with gain variations, the dynamic feedback controller by measurement feedback for uncertain linear systems is constructed and studied. The parameter uncertainties are considered to be unknown but norm bounded. The design procedures are investigated in terms of positive definite solutions to modify algebraic Riccati inequalities. Using information exchange among local controllers, the designed non-fragile decentralized H∞ controllers guarantee that the uncertain closed-loop linear systems are stable and with H∞ -norm bound on disturbance attenuation. A sufficient condition that there are such non-fragile H∞ controllers is obtained by algebraic Riccati inequalities. The approaches to solve modified algebraic Riccati inequalities are carried out preliminarily. Finally, a numerical example to show the validity of the proposed approach is given.     

Spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton composition and quantity distribution in the upper waters around Nansha Islands

This study aims to examine spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton species composition, density and biomass distribution and community structure, based on the data obtained from three separate cruises carded out in November 1997, April and July 1999. Results show that 244 species of zooplankton and 8 groups of planktonic larvae were identified, which were dominated by copepods, followed by amphipods, ostracods and medusae. The total species were 201 and 198 for the cruises of November 1997 and July 1999, respectively, and no obvious seasonal variation of species richness was observed. The distribution of zooplankton species richness decreased from pelagic to coastal waters. Average richness of species in each station was higher in the cruises of November 1997（62） and April 1999（61） than in the cruise in July 1999 （56）, which was mainly a result from the pelagic or coastal water mass movement made by the monsoon. Zooplankton in the upper waters （0--100 m） around Nansha Islands belonged to the typical tropic pelagic fauna, most of them were pelagic warm-water species, followed by coastal warm-water species and euryhaline warm-water species. The number of dominant species ranged from 5 to 7 in each cruise. No obvious seasonal succession of dominant species was ob- served. Sagitta enflata, Cypridina narni, Cosmocalanus darwinii, Pleuromamma gracilis and Echino-pluteus larva were the main dominant species. The average of zooplankton biomass and density in three cruises were 31, 32, 28 mg·m^-3 and 31, 39, 35 ind·m^-3, respectively. Copepods were the most abundant, followed by chaetognaths. Zooplankton high biomass distributed mainly in the northwestern waters around Nansha Islands, and generally occurred in the areas of oceanic front and upweUing. The main reason for zooplankton quantity without obvious seasonal variation was the relative steady temperature dynamics in the waters around Nansha Islands.     

开封市近60年温度和降水年际变化分析

研究基于开封市1951—2010年逐日气温和降水量资料,采用滑动平均、趋势分析和Yamamoto检验法,探讨了开封近60年的气候变化特征.结果表明:研究时段内开封市年及四季平均气温均呈上升的趋势,年平均气温在1993年发生了一次突变,其后气温达到一个更显著的增暖时期,21世纪头10年是开封市近60年以来的最高温期.开封市年及各季降水量除秋季外均呈上升趋势,以夏季降水增多最为明显,研究时段内无明显的突变过程.开封市未来几年气候存在着向暖湿变化的可能性.     

中国东北地区干旱趋势的年代际变化

选用东北地区(包括内蒙东部)26个气象站的温度和降水资料,分析了近50 a来的干旱发展趋势和年代际变化.认为:在向干旱发展的总趋势下还有明显的干湿年代际变化,温度逐年升高在干旱发展的总趋势中起主要作用,而降水的年代际变化在干旱的年代际变化中起重要作用,两者在12和25 a的低频振荡上有惊人的一致性.这种低频振荡与东亚中高纬度地区的区域西风环流指数的年代际变化相联系,它们之间呈很好的反位相关系;降水与区域经向环流指数则有很好的同位相关系.但在近50 a的时间范围内,上述各项变化特征在后半期不如前半期的关系好.这可能与全球增暖在高纬度和低纬度地区的强度不同所导致的东亚季风减弱有关.     

大跨度斜拉桥在多点随机地震激励作用下的响应分析

以南京第二长江大桥南汊桥为例,采用随机振动分析方法研究了地震动的空间变化特性,包括行波效应、部分相干效应以及局部场地效应对大跨度斜拉桥地震响应的影响.研究结果表明:与一致地震激励相比,地震动的空间变化特性可以使斜拉桥的地震响应改变30%;同时考虑行波效应、部分相干效应时的地震响应接近于仅考虑行波效应时的地震响应;行波效应对斜拉桥地震响应的影响明显大于部分相干效应的影响;在加速度均方根相同的随机地震作用下,斜拉桥在软场地条件下的地震响应明显大于在硬场地条件下的响应,中等场地条件下的地震响应介于两者之间.     

巢湖总有机碳的春夏季节变化及其与环境因子的关系

文章分析2012年2月至7月对巢湖总有机碳(TOC)的春夏季节变化及空间分布特征,探讨TOC与环境因子(包括水温(WT)、透明度(SD)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chl a)等)之间的关系.结果表明:2012年2月~7月间巢湖TOC的浓度呈逐月递增趋势,7月份达到最大值,浓度范围为37.27~60.98 mg/L.Perason相关分析显示(n=59):巢湖TOC与WT(r=0.617,p0.01)、pH值(r=0.589,p0.01)、TP(r=0.653,p0.01)、Chl a(r=0.659,p0.01)之间均呈显著的正相关,与SD(r=-0.462,p0.01)呈显著负相关,与DO和TN没有相关性.     

规则波致剪切波的时空变化

基于物理模型试验、小波变换理论及剪切不稳定理论等,研究入射波为规则波、地形为平直斜坡情况下的剪切波时空变化特性。通过对15个不同波况下的剪切波流速时间历程的小波谱进行分析,得出如下结论:入射波为规则波、地形为平直斜坡情况下可以观测到剪切波,但是时空变化不明显;剪切波产生后随时间的变化呈现连续性;剪切波在沿岸方向的能量谱中比在垂直岸线方向能量谱中占优势;地形坡度增加会使剪切波产生的区域减小;无论是1∶40坡还是1∶100坡,由剪切不稳定引起的剪切波频率都在约0.015 Hz左右变化。     

The seasonal variations of δ~(18)O , Cl~- , Na~+ , NO_3~- and Ca~(2+) in the snow and firn recovered from Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica

Snow and firn samples recovered from two snow pits (2.5 and 4.5m deep) and one 50-m firn core along the route of the 1996/1997 Chinese First Antarctic Inland Traverse Expedition in Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, have been measured for chemical composition and oxygen isotope ratio. In the two snow pits, the variations of NO3- are partly in phase with that of δ18O, while the variations of Cl~ and Na+ are in inverse phase with that of δ18O. The variations of CI- , Na+ , NO3- and δ18O show obvious seasonal variations and annual stratag-raphy. However, with the depth increasing, the seasonal variations of δ18O are gradually smoothed below 3 m (corresponding to about 10-year mass accumulation) in depth while the seasonal variations of Cl- , Na+ and NO3- are kept fairly well in the whole profile of the 50-m firn core (corresponding to about 250-year mass accumulation). The results provide a useful tool for dating the snow stratum in this region. On the contrary, no obvious seasonal variations of Ca2 + are found in the profiles.     

河流系统能量耗散理论的探索

基于河流熵概念,探讨了冲积河流系统自我调节机制及河流能量分配耗散特点,。     

向外长波辐射(OLR)年际变化的时空分布分析

 运用1980～2001年7°S～7°N,0°～360°向外长波辐射(OLR)资料,计算获得各月OLR的均方差.结果表明:从全年的变化趋势来看,就整个全球纬向平均而言,低纬地区向外长波辐射的变化比中高纬地区向外长波辐射的变化约大1个量级;在80°E～10°W热带中东印度洋、西太平洋暖池以及热带中东太平洋一带(20°S～20°N)的OLR变化最显著,约在1 W/m²左右;其中特别是"暖池"附近OLR的年际变化最大,其次是热带中东太平洋地区,再次是中东印度洋地区;1年当中,夏季6～8月OLR年际变化较小,平均在11 W/m²左右;冬季12～2月OLR年际变化大,平均在1W/m²左右.低纬地区向外长波辐射的变化具有明显的季节性突变特征,主要突变时间发生在春末夏初的,6月和秋季的10月.同时,根据上述OLR变化特征确定了OLR年际变化最大的关键区.