基于质心-Taylor的UWB室内定位算法研究

针对室内环境影响定位精度的非视距传播(non-line-of-sight,NLOS)问题,在对基于到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)的超宽带(ultra wideband,UWB)室内定位模型和算法进行分析研究的基础上,提出了质心-Taylor混合定位算法。该算法利用对测距误差不敏感的质心算法对目标进行初始粗定位,然后将其作为Taylor级数展开法的迭代初值进行二次精细定位,并动态地将前期定位完毕的节点转化为后续定位过程的参考节点,最大限度地利用不断增加的已知信息,在提高Taylor初值质量的前提下减少预设参考节点数目,降低系统硬件成本。采用MATLAB软件进行了模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法定位性能优越,尤其在NLOS测距误差较大的环境下能有效地提高系统的定位精度。     

基于视频数据分析的太阳影子定位法应用研究

利用太阳高度角的正弦表达式,推导出物体影长与太阳高度角、当地经纬度和赤纬角的数学公式。据此,利用视频数据中物体影长变化规律,以及摄像机成像原理,建立最小二乘法约束规划数学模型,确定视频拍摄地点和日期。最后,讨论了此方法在现实生活的一些应用。     

基于历史基线长度减小动态基线向量噪声的方法

静态情况下,GNSS载波相位相对定位可以通过对不同历元的三维基线向量按各自的维度滤波,从而减小基线向量噪声.而动态情况下,不同历元的基线向量不一定不变,故无法使用滤波算法.对于动态定向、定姿等应用,基线长度一般是固定的,通过对不同历元间基线长度取均值,平均基线长度的噪声将小于当前历元的基线向量噪声.基于此,本文提出一种基于历史基线长度减小动态基线向量噪声的方法.设计了将历史基线长度和当前历元基线向量进行数据融合的数学模型,推导了模型中的权值矩阵.通过误差传递的关系,得到噪声减小的理论表达式.通过仿真和实测基线数据验证该算法的性能,结果和理论分析一致.该算法实现简单,可在不添加硬件资源的情况下将基线向量噪声减小至80%左右.      

基于加权余弦相似度的WiFi指纹室内定位

基于Wi Fi的室内定位具有低成本、易部署、覆盖范围广、精度高等优点,成为室内定位技术研究的热点.Wi Fi指纹定位法可以对抗多径的影响,具有较高的定位精度.但是由于智能移动终端的种类繁多,使得室内定位系统离线建立的指纹数据库难以兼容不同的智能移动设备,降低了定位系统的适用性.为解决此问题,提出了加权余弦相似度算法,使用信号强度的加权余弦相似度作为匹配特征.实测表明,采用加权余弦相似度算法可有效解决终端差异性,提高了室内定位系统的精度和普适性.     

基于加权极速学习机室内高动态环境的定位算法

随着人们对室内基于位置服务的需求越来越大,室内定位的研究变得越来越重要.Wi-Fi由于其传输距离适中,在智慧城市发展的推动下,热点的覆盖也非常多.因此基于Wi-Fi的定位技术成为众多室内定位技术中最具有可行性的.面对室内无线环境高动态变化的情况,提出了基于加权极速学习机(W-ELM)的定位方法,实验证明该方法能够有效提高定位精度.     

Cooperative localization against GPS signal loss in multiple UAVs flight

Based on multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) flight at a constant altitude,a fault-tolerant cooperative localization algorithm against global positioning system(GPS) signal loss due to GPS receiver malfunction is proposed.Contrast to the traditional means with single UAV,the proposed method is based on the use of inter-UAV relative range measurements against GPS signal loss and more suitable for the small-size and low-cost UAV applications.Firstly,for re-localizing an UAV with a malfunction in its GPS receiver,an algorithm which makes use of any other three healthy UAVs in the cooperative flight as the reference points for re-localization is proposed.Secondly,by using the relative ranges from the faulty UAV to the other three UAVs,its horizontal location can be determined after the GPS signal is lost.In order to improve an accuracy of the localization,a Kalman filter is further exploited to provide the estimated location of the UAV with the GPS signal loss.The Kalman filter calculates the variance of observations in terms of horizontal dilution of positioning(HDOP) automatically.Then,during each discrete computing time step,the best reference points are selected adaptively by minimizing the HDOP.Finally,two simulation examples in Matlab/Simulink environment with five UAVs in cooperative flight are shown to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

An analysis of single point positioning with real-time internet-based precise GPS data

Single Point Positioning (SPP) is currently capable of providing position accuracy of several meters. To obtain a better accuracy, the Differential GPS (DGPS) method must be applied. For large-scale applications such as aerial survey and mapping, however,the requirement of a base station(s) in conventional DGPS often become problematic in practice due to the increased operational cost and complexity. Recently a concept of Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) has attracted increasing interests among the GPS communities. GDGPS has the same user's implementation as SPP,but its accuracy is augmented by the globally or regionally distributed precise GPS data currently including precise satellite orbit and clock corrections. The major advantage of GDGPS lies in two aspects: system simplicity at the user's end, and globally consistent positioning accuracy. This paper presents GDGPS positioning results using the precise GPS data generated by the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). NRCan's precise data can be retrieved real-time from Internet base on Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Multicast technology. The packet delay and Packet Loss Rate (PLR) of multicasting over Intemet will first be investigated.The total latency of precise GPS data as well as the position accuracyof GDGPS will then be analyzed. The numerical results have shown that a meter to half-meter level accuracy is obtainable based on epoch-by-epoch data processing. With phase-smoothed code observations, the positioning accuracy can be further improved.     

室内绿化的配置格局与审美作用

该文结合环境艺术设计专业的室内设计基础课的教学实践,对室内绿化的设计及配置提出了较系统的理论依据。     

D-R卫星定位算法数字接收机实现方案

D R卫星定位算法可以在只观测 3颗卫星的条件下实现用户的三维定位以及授时、授频功能。讨论了利用该算法实现定位的用户接收机的方案。对定位接收机数字处理部分进行了较细致的讨论。对用户进行定位所需的测量量的提取方法作了深入的分析。提出了D R定位算法的一种在工程上容易实现的方案     

室内新风空气净化系统微生物多样性研究

对济南市历城区使用不同时间的新风空气净化系统滤膜样本的细菌多样性进行检测，分析室内新风系统潜在的微生物二次污染风险。采集使用6至12个月的新风系统中超细玻璃纤维空气滤膜积累的微生物为样本，进行16S rDNA扩增子测序分析。结果显示：变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为优势菌门，优势属有副球菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、甲基杆菌属、双歧杆菌属等；随着滤膜使用时间的增加，优势菌门之间的相对丰度比例变化不明显，但总丰度呈现上升趋势，表明该地区室内空气微生物丰富且群落结构长期变化不大；使用12个月的样本中特别富含莱茵海默氏菌属、乳杆菌属和不动杆菌属，且条件致病菌奥斯陆莫拉氏菌的相对丰度较高，表明该地区的室内新风系统使用12个月时存在微生物二次污染风险。研究结果对居民防控室内空气二次污染起指导作用。