Genesis of granulite in Himalayan lower crust: Evidence from experimental study at high temperature and high pressure

Here we present an insight into the genesis of Himalayan granulitic lower crust based on the experimental studies on the dehydration melting of natural biotite-plagioclase gneiss performed at the temperatures of 770-980℃ and the pressures of 1.0-1.4 GPa. The experiments produce peraluminous granitic melt and residual phase assemblage (Pl+Qz+Gat+Bio+Opx±Cpx+Ilm/Rut±Kfs). The residual mineral assemblage is similar to those of granu-lites observed at the eastern and western Himalayan syntax-ises, and the chemical compositions of characteristic minerals-garnet and pyroxene in the residual phase and the granu-lite are identical. Additionally, the modeled wave velocities of the residual phase assemblage are comparable well with those of the top part of lower crust beneath Himalayas. Hence, we suggest that (1) the top part of lower crust beneath Himalayas is probably made up of garnet-bearing intermediate granulite; (2) the formations of granulite and leucogranites in Himalayas are interrelated as the results of crustal anatexis; and (3) dehydration melting of bio-tite-plagioclase gneiss is an important process to form granulitic lower crust, to reconstitute and adjust the crustal texture. Moreover, experimental results can provide constraints on determining the P-T conditions of Himalayan crustal anatexis.     

基性麻粒岩半脆性域剪切带形成机制的实验研究

在温度为８００～９００℃，围压为１ＧＰａ的条件下对基性麻粒岩进行了压缩变形实验。样品变形处于半脆性域，以出现非破裂的准韧性剪切带为特征。提出了剪切带是由样品的原始缺陷向外稳态扩展而形成的机制，可用稍加改变的流变介质断裂力学原理对这种扩展过程进行说明；并将此机制推广到剪切带的形成中。     

Sm-Nd age dating of high-pressure granulites and amphibolite from Sanggan area, North China craton

The high pressure (HP) metamorphic age has been dated to HP rocks from the Sanggan area, North China craton. We have got garnet+whole rock isochron ages of (1 842±38) Ma for HP granulite, and (1 856 ± 26) Ma for HP amphibolite. The Sm-Nd whole rock isochron of HP granulites give out an age of (1 870±150) Ma with Nd depleted mantle model age of (2 402—2 482) Ma. Considering the Nd isotope homogenization during the peak metamorphism of the HP granulite, Sm-Nd closure temperature and the retention of Nd isotopic memory in garnets partially broken down during decompression, all these isochron ages are thought to be HP metamorphic age. Furthermore, we proposed that the HP metamorphism took place at the end of Paleoproterozoic during the large-scale collision and assembly of the North China craton.     

Patterns of platinum-group elements in mantle peridotite, granulite xenoliths and basalt in Hannuoba

Neutron activation analysis after preconcentration of nickel sulfide fire assay was used in measurement of Ru, Ph, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt (i.e. PGE elements) and Au concentrations for basalt, mantle and granulite xenoliths in Hannuoba. The chondrite- and primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns generally exhibit flat (for Iherzolite), negative slope (for harzburgite), and positive slope (for basic granulite and basalt). In addition, strong Ir negative anomaly occurs in basalt and granulite xenolith, and little negative anomaly also exists in Iherzolite xenolith in Hannuoba.     

新疆南天山榆树沟层状杂岩体中的副麻粒岩——岩石学特征及其地球动力学意义

在前人定为“层状堆积杂岩体的辉长岩单元”中发现了一套副变质中－基性麻粒岩。它与正变质的基性麻粒岩成互层产出，二者又与层状变质橄榄岩共同组成了一个并非原生火成堆积岩的层状杂岩体。介绍了这套副变质麻粒岩的出露“层”序、主要岩石类型、原岩建造。认为其原岩是一套主要来源于洋盆内基性火山碎屑的深水沉积岩，其中碎屑锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄为４２１Ｍａ。这套岩石曾于中石炭世俯冲至中天山－哈萨克斯坦板块之下，同时遭受到麻粒岩相区域变质改造（３１５Ｍａ）；其后，又以高温韧性剪切方式，快速逆冲至南天山早古生代非岩浆型被动陆缘带中。     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of granulites at Rimana （Southern Tibet） in the central segment of Himalayan Orogen

TheCenozoicHimalayanorogenisimportantinun-derstandingcontinentaldynamicprocesses.Lowercrustal,high-grademetamorphicrockshaverecentlybeendiscov-eredinNamcheBarwaandParmir,i.e.therespectivere-gionsofeasternandwesternsyntaxisoftheorogen[1—4].Eclogitesthatunderwentgranulite-faciesmetamorphismhaverecentlybeenreportedintheCadaareatotheeastofMountEverestinthecentralsegmentoftheHimalayanorogen[5].WiththehelpofthegeologicalsurveyofDing-gyeCountyandChentangSheets(scale1︰250000),high-pressuremafic…     

湖南道县玄武岩中壳源麻粒岩包体初步研究

湖南道县玄武岩中的麻粒岩包体属辉石麻粒岩类,其稳定矿物组合为斜长石-单斜辉石-斜方辉石-尖晶石-角闪石。它们与前寒武纪庥粒岩地体不完全相同。它们代表的是晚燕山期较新的下地壳特征。     

Finding of high-pressure mafic granulites in the Amdo basement,central Tibet

High-pressure mafic granulites with a peak mineral assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + rutile + quartz were found in the Amdo basement, central Tibet. Two kinds of symplectites were identified that are composed of orthopyroxene + plagioclase ± spinel and hornblende + plagioclase around garnet, which were interpreted to develop during the retrogressing stages in the granulites. P-T estimates suggested that peak metamorphic conditions were about 860–920°C and 1.46–1.56 GPa, which retrogressed from post-peak phase at 820–890°C and 0.88–1.15 GPa to amphibolite facies at 550–670°C and 0.52–0.65 GPa. These three stages define a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression and cooling following the peak high-pressure metamorphism. This suggests that the Amdo granulites underwent an initial subduction to a deep crustal level of ~50 km and then were rapidly exhumed to a shallow crustal level (~20 km). The formation of Amdo granulites is considered to result from the arc-continent collision between the Amdo basement and the Qiangtang terrane in the middle Jurassic, which is a crucial step to the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.     

川西沙坝麻粒岩原岩特征及变质作用

自从沙坝麻粒岩被发现以来,其形成演化一直颇有争议．它以残留体赋存于康定杂岩下部角闪二辉混合片麻岩中,形成于前寒武纪．通过对沙坝麻粒岩的地球化学特征的研究,认为它的原岩化学成分类似于大陆岛弧钙碱性玄武岩,形成于造山带挤压环境．麻粒岩相变质作用的峰期温度为７５６℃～７６５℃,压力在０．７３～０．８０ＧＰａ．继之之后,又经历了从角闪岩相到绿片岩相的退变质作用,其中,角闪岩相的变质温度为６２３℃～６５２℃,变质峰期压力为０．７０～０．７３ＧＰａ．