统计模式识别的研究

模式识别的基本目标就是在有监督和无监督的情况下进行分类,在模式识别的各种模型中,基于统计的方法已经被广泛的研究并应用于实际.一些新的技术和方法的引入（神经网络和支持向量机方法）也促进了该领域发展,文章研究了基于统计的模式识别的进展情况,给出了模式识别的概念、原理、方法并对各种方法进行了相关的评述.     

离子选择电极法测定牙膏中的含氟量

采用氟离子选择电极法测定氟含量，具有简便、快速、灵敏、选择性好等优点，最低检出浓度为0.05mg／L，适用浓度范围宽，在测定牙膏含氟量中取得良好效果。     

水稻苯达松敏感致死基因的RAPD标记的克隆及测序

用3S Spin DNA Agarose Gel Purification Kit试剂盒将与水稻苯达松敏感致死基因相连锁的RAPD遗传标记S20—420和S316—600回收纯化，连接于pGEM—T载体并克隆测序，得到了S20—420和S316—600的全序列，其长度分别为423bp、606bp．将两端序列设计特异PCR扩增引物可用于检测水稻苯达松敏感致死基因和标记辅助育种．     

面向对象数据库"联系_选择"查询操作的优化

综合考虑逻辑因素和选择谓词的选择率、谓词本身的复杂度等物理因素后，给出了“联系_选择”及其拓展“联系_选择_投影”两个重要的复合操作的优化算法，提高了查询的执行效率。     

Immunogenetics

Summary The 1985 Catalog of Mapped Genes (Human Gene Mapping 8; 33) has been used to pick out the known, immunologically important genes; these are then discussed in the following order: 1. genes controlling organs, tissues and cells of the immune apparatus, 2. genes determining self structures, 3. genes determining the structures of immunological specificity, 4. genes determining substances with immunoregulatory and effector properties. The symbols for the genes and the biological functions of their products are explained. The genetics of the ABO blood groups, of the HLA-system and of antibody formation are given in rather more detail.     

Biological role of major transplantation antigens in T cell self-recognition

Summary The proposal is made, illustrated and supported by experimental evidence that T cell-mediated immunopathology triggered initially by low- or non-cytopathic infectious agents may cause diseases, susceptibility to which is linked to the major histocompatibility gene complex.This summary is an updated version of the paper given on the occasion of the Paul Ehrlich Prize ceremonies in 1983; it was also presented at the meeting New Trends in Allergy II in München 1985, and is reproduced here with the permission of Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.     

Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

基于STIRPAT模型的京津冀“碳达峰”预测研究

为了解决京津冀地区碳排放量达峰问题,以河北省为例,研究京津冀碳排放达峰实现路径,对京津冀未来的碳排放量进行预测分析,建立以河北省2004—2021年碳排放相关数据为基础的STIRPAT碳排放预测拓展模型。设置了6个情景,通过综合考虑人口规模、人均GDP、城镇化率、产业结构、能源强度、能源结构数据的变化速度,模拟不同情景下京津冀2022—2040年的碳排放趋势,进而预测京津冀三地的“碳达峰”时间与碳排放峰值。结果表明：北京除清洁发展情景是在2030年达峰,其余情景均在2035年达到峰值;天津除经济放缓情景是在2030年达峰,其余情景均在2035年实现“碳达峰”;河北除基准情景在2035年达峰外,其余情景均是在2030年达到峰值。所提的碳排放预测拓展模型在考虑多情景分析下,就京津冀地区如何控制和减少碳排放量提出相关建议,可为京津冀低碳经济的发展提供一定的参考依据。     

Morphological,biochemical and molecular changes during ectomycorrhiza development

Summary An ectomycorrhiza, a specialized root organ, is the result of a complex interaction leading to a finely-tuned symbiosis between a plant and a compatible ectomycorrhizal fungus. Ultrastructural observations combined with cytochemical and biochemical studies reveal that structural and metabolic changes in the symbiont cells lead to the final phenotype of the active ectomycorrhiza. In the present review these changes are interpreted as changes in gene expression and discussed within the context of ectomycorrhiza development. Recent genetic data indicate that the continued vegetative growth of the ectomycorrhizal hyphae and the root tissues, and their ability to switch to symbiotic organ formation, is basically controlled by developmentally critical genes. The activity of these symbiotic genes during the differentiation of ectomycorrhizas is associated with extensive changes in the concentration of particular polypeptides and protein biosynthesis. The present state of knowledge about the developmental biology of ectomycorrhizas allows only speculation about the events during their development.Puisant mes forces aux sources des galaxies En buvant la sève des arbres M. Jonasz     

立体视觉对篮球足球技术的影响

本文利用《立体视觉检查图》,探讨了立体视觉对球类运动技术的影响.发现立体视觉功能与球类运动成绩有着密切的关系.立体视功能好,其运动技术和成绩也好,反之则差.因此建议在球类运动员选材中,除生理、心理选材外,应将立体视功能的检查运用到球类运动员选材中去.