Paleosol evolution and environmental change in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

Paleosols in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain occur mainly in the Huaibei, Xuhuai, Yischuhe and Jiaolai areas. They result from 3 sedimentation-soil formation cycles since the Late Pleistocene. Each cycle left calcareous concretions, a dark soil horizon, and a topsoil horizon and/or a stratified soil horizon all derived from loess. This paper examines the composition of the concretions, compares this with that of the enclosing soil horizons, and draws some environmental conclusions. Three types occur: embryonic calcareous concretions, mature calcareous concretions, and calcareous hardpans (petrocalcic horizons). The embryonic concretions formed during the mid-Holocene (6780±130 yr. B.P.), mature calcareous concretions during the late-Pleistocene (weighted average of 31 samples = 15670±370 yr. B.P.), and calcareous hardpans (petrocalcic horizons) from 16 to 40 ka B.P. The calcium carbonate content increases from 412 g/kg in the embryonic concretions, to 551 g/kg in the mature concretions, and to 691 g/kg in the hardpan, whereas contents of SiO_2, Al_2O_3 and TiO_2 decrease accordingly. Spore pollen analysis shows that the late-Pleistocene there was dry and cool, whereas the mid-Holocene was warm and humid and lakes were more extensive than today.     

Political manoeuvrings as sources of measurement errors in forecasts

We test the extent to which political manoeuvrings can be the sources of measurement errors in forecasts. Our objective is to examine the forecast error based on a simple model in which we attempt to explain deviations between the March budget forecast and the November forecast, and deviations between the outcome and the March budget forecast in the UK. The analysis is based on forecasts made by the general government. We use the forecasts of the variables as alternatives to the outcomes. We also test for political spins in the GDP forecast updates and the GDP forecast errors. We find evidence of partisan and electoral effects in forecast updates and forecast errors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

几类特殊平面图的圈包装问题

给定一个无向连通图G，圈包装问题就是求G的边不相交圈的最大数目．此问题在一般图下是APX困难问题，在平面图下是NP困难问题．主要证明了在几类特殊的平面图下多项式时间可得到最优解．主要考虑外平面图，系列平行图和平面欧拉图这三类特殊的平面图．     

民勤盆地12kaBP以来的沉积旋回

ZY剖面沉积物的粒度特征反映了民勤盆地降水、水动力搬运强度及湖面水位高低的变化，利用剖面沉积物的粒度资料，发现该剖面自12kaBP以来风成沉积与湖相和浅湖相沉积在粒度上具有多次显著的粗细韵律交替变化，粒度参数Mz，σ，Sk，Kg和SC／S亦随之相应为多波动峰谷交替的态势．同时，粒度特征值Φ5，Φ16，Φ25，Φ50，Φ75，Φ84，Φ95相应地表现为非常有节奏地跳动，据此，将ZY剖面分为2个风成沉积、2个湖相沉积和2个浅湖相沉积，并认为其是12kaBP以来在东亚冬夏古季风交替影响下沙漠演变的一个颇为完整的气候—地层记录。本剖面不仅可以作为古环境与古气候变化的自然记录，而且剖面所反映的环境变化为研究本区土地退化、荒漠化等问题提供了自然背景。     

一个在无穷远点分支出6个极限环的三次多项式系统

研究了一类三次系统无穷远点的极限环分支问题.对一类三次系统给出了计算无穷远点奇点量的递推公式,并在计算机上用计算机代数系统Mathematica推导出该系统无穷远点的前6个奇点量,进而导出了无穷远点成为中心和最高阶细焦点的条件,在此基础上得到了一个三次系统在无穷远点分支出6个极限环的实例,指出了极限环的精确位置.     

一类平面微分系统极限环的存在惟一性

目的为讨论一类平面微分系统极限环的存在惟一性及不存在性。方法运用G．Sansone 定理和旋转向量场理论对此类平面微分系统极限环的存在惟一性进行了讨论。结果得到了此类系统极限环的存在惟一性及不存在性的完整分析。结论与传统方法相比,运用G．Sansone定理和旋转向量场理论对此类平面微分系统极限环的存在惟一性及其稳定性进行分析,得到了完整的结果。     

基于热力学第二定律的吸收式制冷循环分析

采用热力学第二定律的分析方法,对氨－水吸收式制冷系统内各设备及系统热力循环过程进行深入的分析和研究;发现了系统的内能量转换过程中的薄弱环节,为系统的经济优化设计及优化操作明确了方向。     

三次Lienard系统局部极限环的唯二性

证明了三次Ｌｉｅｎａｒｄ系统的细焦点的阶数至多为,从而在同一细焦点外围至多有两个极限环且可以有两个局部极限环。