Cholecystokinin is not a major regulator in the digestive system in the chicken

To find out whether physiological concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrointestinal hormone in mammals, are also active in chickens, the pancreatic amylase secretory response to CCK-8 was investigated in vitro. Rat pancreatic acini responded to the physiological concentration of CCK-8, but in chickens amylase release was induced at a concentration of CCK-8 1000 times higher than that observed in rats. In another experiment, biliary flow was tested with several doses of CCK-8. The bile flow was stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion, but a significant enhancement was not obtained at a concentration of 0.5 g CCK-8/kg body weight, which was considerably higher than physiological ones. It is concluded that endogeneous CCK does not have an important role in the digestive system in the chicken.     

消除电磁搅拌连铸坯中“白亮带”的试验研究

针对电磁搅拌连铸坯中的“白亮带”问题进行试验研究和理论分析．结果表明：铸坯凝固过程中电磁搅拌引起的钢液运动特点是能否产生“白亮带”的关键．特殊的电磁搅拌方式有效地抑制“白亮带”的产生．     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

泵引起的液压系统振动分析

通过液压系统产生振动和噪音的振源及振动量传递的分析,开发了测定泵的振源特性的新方法,－２压力／２系统”法,介绍了用阻抗求解管内压力脉动的方法及通用仿真程序包,实验表明,仿真结果与实测结果一致。     

推力对高速入水流场特性影响

采用商用CFD软件FLUENT 6.3,建立了求解带自然空化的水、气、汽三相流场,用UDF来解算并控制导弹运动,实现了考虑自然空化和弹体多自由度运动响应的高速入水非定常流场数值计算。多相流模型采用Mixture模型,湍流模型采用标准[WTBX]k-ε[WTBZ]模型,压力速度耦合方式和离散方法分别为SIMPLE和Standard,动网格更新方式采用Layering方式。内嵌的UDF可以实时输出弹体受力和运动参数。采用流场-弹道耦合算法数值模拟了回转体外形导弹以20°入水角入水时的高速入水流场,分析并获得了推力对入水空泡和自然空泡的产生、变化发展过程以及弹体流体动力的影响规律。     

垂直弹射系统弹射初始阶段内流场数值分析

针对燃气活塞弹射装置在垂直发射系统中的应用,采用计算流体软件Fluent的源项法,用UDF(用户自定义函数)编译来实现火药燃气的质量、动量、能量向高压室的注入,对弹射初始阶段高压室和低压室内燃气流场进行了数值分析,得出以下结论:高压室压力在破膜前快速上升,破膜后缓慢上升的趋势,在高压上下两端压力应力集中,低压室呈中间和两端压力应力集中现象,同时高压室形成的低速燃气经导管产生激波形成超声速燃气流撞击低压室,并分析了压力和速度对弹射装置的影响。计算结果表明,该方法能够较好地仿真弹射装置燃气流场的特性,为弹射装置优化设计和装药设计提供理论依据。     

脉冲示踪法实验误差分析

本文从理论和实验两方面分析了脉冲示踪法中脉冲时间、示踪剂输入和记录仪记录时间差、示踪剂纯度与用量和实验温度对反应器内物料停留时间分布和流动模型参数测定误差的影响,以便在实验中采取相应措施减小或消除误差,获得准确的实验结果。     

信号流图的扩展及其应用

将信号流图扩展到状态空间构成所谓向量流图,用公式可实现组合系统规范化;按工答过程绘制信号流图构成所谓过程流图,可对系统组件作深入的分析。     

ATM广域网预测式流量控制方案

针对ＡＴＭ广域网的长时延特点,提出了一种预测式流量控制方案,通过预测各交换节点非受控业务流所占用的带宽,对各链路可获得带宽进行预测式分配;预测式方案结合本文作者提出的集中式流量控制机制,保证了带宽分配的公平性和链路利用的高效性;本文还在ＶＢＲ＋ＡＢＲ业务综合传输的情形下,进行了预测式流量控制方案的计算机仿真,仿真结果表明,本文的预测式算法具有带宽分配的公平性和链路利用的高效性,交换节点处缓冲队列很