开源信息在突发事件应急管理中的应用

互联网上的开源信息具有很高的潜在应用价值,对其进行开发利用可以提高突发事件中应急管理的效率。阐述了开源信息处理的三个重要环节,讨论了突发应急事件中开源信息处理的特殊要求与主要方法,最后以"天网工程"在四川汶川地震中的作用进行了案例分析,主要侧重于监测和分析地震中网络群体对事件的关注及各类情绪的变化特征。     

PCR技术在环境监测中的应用态势

PCR技术是一种选择性体外扩增DNA或RNA片段的方法,其反应原理与细胞内的DNA复制相似。由于PCR本身具有的简便、快速、灵敏、特异性强等优点,使其广泛应用于水体、土壤、大气等环境监测领域,大大提高了监测水平。     

Relationship between the atmospheric heat source over Tibetan Plateau and the heat source and general circulation over East Asia

On the basis of NCEP/NCAR version I daily reanalysis data from 1971 to 2000 and by the methods of inverse calculation, correlation analysis and comparative analysis, the influences of atmospheric heat source （AHS） over the Tibetan Plateau on the large-scale AHS and the general circulation in summer are studied in this paper. The results show that AHS over the plateau in summer may trigger a heat source wavetrain propagating northeastward along the coast from the East Asian continent and West Pacific to Bering Strait-Arctic or even North America. In addition, if AHS over the eastern plateau is intense, South Asian High moves to southeast and West Pacific subtropical high moves to southwest; on the contrary, if AHS over the eastern plateau is weak, South Asian High moves to northwest and West Pacific subtropical high moves to northeast. Therefore, South Asian High and West Pacific subtropical high move in the horizontally-opposite directions in terms of interannual variation, for which AHS over the eastern plateau seems to be thermodynamically responsible.     

Sea surface temperature and terrestrial biomarker records of the last 260 ka of core MD05-2904 from the northern South China Sea

This paper reports high-resolution biomarker records of the last 260 ka for core MD05-2904 from the northern South China Sea （SCS）. The sea surface temperature （SST） record using the U37^k＇, index reveals a minimum of 21.5℃（MIS 2） and a maximum of 28.3℃（MIS 5.5）, for a temperature difference of almost 7℃, and provides the longest high-resolution U37^k＇ SST record in northern SCS. The content of odd-number long chain n-alkanes and several n-alkanes indexes such as the CPI, ACL and the C31/C27 ratio, all reveal generally higher values during the glacials and lower values during the interglaclals. Terrestrial input as Indicated by n-alkane content was mostly controlled by sea-level changes： During the glacials, lower sea-level exposed the continental shelf to enable rivers to transport more terrestrial materials to the slope; and the situation reverses during the interglacials. The n-alkane indexes changes reveal more n-alkanes from contemporary vegetation during glacials as a result of the proximity of the core site to the source region, while the increases in ACL and C81/C27 ratio during glaclals indicate a change to more grassy vegetation. However, the highest values for CPI, ACL and the C81/C27 ratio all occurred during late MIS 3, and it was suggested that this period was characterized by a strong summer monsoon-dominated humid climate which resulted in a denser vegetation for the exposed continental shelf region.     

Analysis of the carbon source for diamond crystal growth

The lattice constants of diamond and graphite at high pressure and high temperature （HPHT） were calculated on the basis of linear expansion coefficient and elastic constant. According to the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules （EET）, the valence electron structures （VESs） of diamond, graphite crystal and their common planes were calculated. The relationship between diamond and graphite structure was analyzed based on the boundary condition of the improved Thomas-Fermi-Dirac theory by Cheng （TFDC）. It was found that the electron densities of common planes in graphite were not continuous with those of planes in diamond at the first order of approximation. The results show that during the course of diamond single crystal growth at HPHT with metal catalyst, the carbon sources forming diamond structure do not come from the graphite structure directly. The diamond growth mechanism was discussed from the viewpoint of valence electron structure.     

一类具非局部源抛物型方程组解的一致爆破性质

考虑带齐次Dirichlet边界条件,具非局部源项的半线性抛物型方程组正解的爆破性质,给出了该问题的解在有限时间内爆破的一个充分条件,以及解的两个分量同时爆破的必要条件,并建立了解在区域内部一致爆破的模式.     

杭州湾河口地区表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及污染评价

对杭州湾河口地区南北岸及钱塘江杭州河段15个采样点的表层沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定.结果表明,Cu,Cr,Pb,Zn及Cd含量范围分别为17.0～48.6,24.4～44.1,23.0～55.8,186.8～324.4,0.07～0.60mg/kg.各元素平均含量排序为Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd.与国内外典型的河口和滨岸带比较,该地区Cu,Cr,Pb及Cd的平均含量处在相对较低的水平,但Zn的污染较为严重.重金属含量沿程分布特征呈现多峰值变化,表明原因较为复杂,受多种环境因素共同影响.地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致,大多数采样点的Zn处于中度污染水平,Cd及Cu处于轻度污染,Pb及Cr处于轻度污染或较为清洁状态.重金属元素污染程度排序为Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr.生态风险评价结果表明该地区总体处于低度生态风险等级,其中Cu,Cr,Pb及Zn均为低生态风险等级,而Cd为中度或较重生态风险等级.生态危害程度的排序为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr.     

带非局部源和吸收项的退化奇异抛物方程的爆破

考虑了带齐次Dirichlet边界条件的含有吸收项的非局部退化奇异抛物方程xmut-(xrux)x=∫a0updx-kuq解的爆破性质.使用特征函数和上下解技巧,得到了正解整体存在性与有限时刻爆破的充分条件.在一定条件下,证明了爆破解的爆破集是整个区域.     

磁聚焦电导率成像系统的阵列线圈驱动电路设计实现

利用晶体振荡器设计稳定度很高的信号源,其输出由可编程放大器调节后,经过功率放大电路输出至线圈阵列,实现了对三种不同结构和性能的阵列线圈的驱动, 使线圈阵列达到很好的磁场聚焦效果.     

基于泄流响应的高拱坝振源时域识别

高坝泄流诱发坝体振动的振源识别一直是水利界所关注的课题之一．在小波理论、结构动力学及随机振动理论的基础上,提出了基于小坡正交算子变换的多振源反分析方法,并结合水工结构的特点,探讨了进行振源识别时所需注意的关键技术问题．以拉西瓦拱坝水弹性模型为研究对象,通过少量测点的动位移实测值,反分析各等效激励荷载时程,进而对拉西瓦拱坝的流激振动进行全面评估,为拱坝结构的动态监测和损伤诊断提供了基础．