Myelin sheaths: glycoproteins involved in their formation,maintenance and degeneration

Myelin sheaths are formed around axons by extending, biochemically modifying and spiraling plasma membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). Because glycoproteins are prominent components of plasma membranes, it is not surprising that they have important roles in the formation, maintenance and degeneration of myelin sheaths. The emphasis in this review is on four integral membrane glycoproteins. Two of them, protein zero (P0) and peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP-22), are components of compact PNS myelin. The other two are preferentially localized in membranes of sheaths that are distinct from compact myelin. One is the myelin-associated glycoprotein, which is localized at the inside of sheaths where it functions in glia-axon interactions in both the PNS and CNS. The other is the myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, which is preferentially localized on the outside of CNS myelin sheaths and appears to be an important target antigen in autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Received 8 April 2002; received after revision 13 May 2002; accepted 22 May 2002     

Tone features in whispered Chinese

Study on the whispered tone is important to speech recognition and conversion in whispered Chinese. In this paper, the characteristics of whispered speech are introduced and the tone features in whispered Chinese are discussed. There is no fundamental frequency in the whispered speech, so other features, such as the amplitude envelope, duration, glottal area, lip area, forrnant, and vocal tract length, are extracted and their contributions to the automatic tone recognition are compared. From the experiments with six simple Chinese whispered vowels in four tones, it is proved that loudness-weighted 32 Mel-frequency bands log-amplitude envelopes and duration can be used as the main tone features in the whispered Chinese tone recognition. The average tone recognition rate approaches that of the human perception level.     

包络分析在超宽带信号采集中的应用

室内环境下超宽带信号具有丰富的多径分量,在时域中这些分量表现出簇（cluster）的形式,簇在时域上类似于幅度调制,可采用包络分析法对其进行分析.介绍了利用小波变换进行超宽带信号包络分析的方法,给出了接收信号包络的时域表达式,并对低信噪比下超宽带信号进行了包络提取,结果显示该方法实现了簇内多径分量的合并,并具有很强的去噪作用.包络分析方法对于那些难以建立模型的传输环境以及能够建立模型但难以提取参数的场合下超宽带信号的采集具有重要的意义,它指出了传统的包络分析技术可用于超宽带信号的采集.     

函数S-粗集与投资风险F-规律发现

利用函数F-粗集概念给出了规律的f-遗传, f-遗传规律生成,函数单向S-粗集的F-遗传, F-遗传规律生成等概念.提出了F-遗传规律包络定理, F-传递规律分离定理.利用这些结果,给出函数单向S-粗集与投资风险F-规律的发现与应用.     

航空发动机全飞行包线小偏差动态数学模型

针对某涡扇发动机电子调节器仅在最大和加力状态工作这一特点，根据大气条件和发动机调节规律，提出将飞行包线划分为83个区域，对每个区域用“质心”点参数代替区域及其边界点参数的飞行包线小偏差方法。通过对某涡扇发动机全飞行包线的数字仿真，结果证明该方法对建立全飞行包线发动机动态方程有效。     

按许用压力角设计最小尺寸的摆动从动杆移动凸轮机构的解析法

从由辅助角法推得的压力角表达式出发,首次构追起与摆动杆移动凸轮机构相应的角速度图,再据微分几何包络原理导出限制其最小尺寸的界线方程式,这样就可在电子计算机上直接计算凸轮的最小移动逑度或长度。文章将这种方法应用于力锁合式的摆动从动杆移动凸轮机构。     

线列阵CCD智能遥测系统

本文给出了一种线列阵CCD智能遥测系统.文中提出以线列阵CCD输出脉冲的包络线信号作为摄取目标的特征.对CCD产生的正弦型、高斯型、矩形型、脉冲型等几种输出包络信号进行了傅里叶频谱分析,在非图像显示的场合下,可较大地降低采样频率,提高实时性,用较少的数据量实现对目标的特征抽取、分析、识别等处理.     

各种二次包络环面蜗杆传动的内在关系和类型选择

各种类型的二次包络环面蜗杆传动之间存在着统一的内在关系。本文主要研究反映这种关系的建立在啮合理论基础上的统一的典型传动条件方程.研究的结论有助于传动的正确设计和类型的合理选择,并为研究新型二次包络环面蜗杆传动提供了理论基础和新思路.     

Telomere dynamics unique to meiotic prophase: formation and significance of the bouquet

Telomeres carry out conserved and possibly ancient functions in meiosis. During the specialized prophase of meiosis I, meiotic prophase, telomeres cluster on the nuclear envelope and move the diploid genetic material around within the nucleus so that homologous chromosomes can align two by two and efficiently recombine with precision. This recombination is in turn required for proper segregation of the homologs into viable haploid daughter cells. The meiosis-specific telomere clustering on the nuclear envelope defines the bouquet stage, so named for its resemblance to the stems from a bouquet of cut flowers. Here, a comparative analysis of the literature on meiotic telomeres from a variety of different species illustrates that the bouquet is nearly universal among life cycles with sexual reproduction. The bouquet has been well documented for over 100 years, but our understanding of how it forms and how it functions has only recently begun to increase. Early and recent observations document the timing and provide clues about the functional significance of these striking telomere movements.     

基于噪声小波包络谱的主轴承磨损故障诊断

传统的基于振动信号的内燃机主轴承磨损故障诊断中安装传感器以及提取故障特征频率很繁琐,为此,提出了基于噪声和正交小波监测往复式活塞发动机滑动主轴承磨损故障的一种新方法.利用Symlets小波分析将测得的机体噪声信号变换到时频域,得到含有内燃机主轴承间隙磨损状态的时频信息.主轴承磨损故障会使机体噪声信号的高频成分增加,而且高频滤波成分特征与内燃机的冲击过程相对应,所以,需选择合适的高频带加以提取并进行包络谱分析.通过声级计测取了代表主轴承4类间隙磨损程度的噪声信号,发现2个特征频率处的能量对间隙磨损状态比较敏感,均随着磨损量的增加而增加.通过该方法,可利用机体噪声信号监测主轴承的磨损状态.