海冰强度对应变速率敏感性及其演化模式

海冰对应变速率变化较敏感,在不同应变速率范围内可表现出不同的力学行为和强度特性.如辽东湾海冰在低应变速率下(ε.<1.0×10-3s-1),表现为连续体特征,其变形行为符合流动定律;在高应变速率下(ε.>3.0×10-3s-1),表现为脆性体特征,强度特性可用断裂力学理论描述;在韧-脆转变的范围内(1.0×10-3s-1<ε.<3.0×10-3s-1),海冰强度达到最大值.因此在不同应变速率段,海冰强度具有不同的本构模型.用海冰演化模式对辽东湾海冰(T=268K,d=7.0mm)进行了数值计算,结果与实验值十分吻合,说明该演化模式是有效的.     

两株中度嗜盐菌的分离与生理生化分析

对从青岛附近海产品盐渍中分离得到的两个菌株——CM1和CM4进行了分析．结果表明CMl和CM4符合盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)的特征，但与几个典型的盐单胞菌属菌种有显著的差异，因而可能是该属的新种．通过对其表型和生长特征的分析发现，这两个菌株可能采用了不同的进化稳定对策以适应特殊的高盐环境，即CMl采用了K-对策；而CM4采用的是r-对策，从而将进化稳定对策拓展到了无性繁殖的微生物领域。     

微量热法研究酪氨酸酶催化氧化反应

在恒温条件下从嗜麦芽假单胞菌中获得酪氨酸酶 ,利用微量热法测定了酪氨酸酶催化氧化酪氨酸反应的动力学性质 ,并得出该反应符合Michaelis -Menten动力学的结论。该方法不需要将酶提纯 ,可以原位测定酶的活性。     

Dynamical framework with blocking topography coordinates for atmospheric GCM and its validation

The dynamical framework with Blocking Topography Coordinates (hereafter, BTC), which is suited to handle the steep topography for the atmospheric general circulation models, is presented in this paper, together with its validation results. The integral properties of both the differential and finite-difference equations for the BTC dynamical core are: gross mass conservation, quadratic conservation for advection terms, Coriolis force does not change the kinetic energy, conservation of total available energy. The improved nonlinear iteration scheme is utilized for the time-integration. The energy conservation for BTC dynamical core is validated by using the integration results from 9-layer and 21-layer version respectively. Comparison results show that, the changes of the kinetic energy and total available potential energy during the integration are quite close for both the BTC dynamical framework and the dynamical framework of IAP 9-level and IAP 21-level AGCM, and this may suggest that the BTC dynamical core can be used for long-term integration with good computational stability. Furthermore, the BTC dynamical core has the advantage over the terrain following (sigma) coordinates in its better representation of the influence of the large-scale topography on the atmospheric general circulation. Finally, the correctness and reasonableness of the BTC dynamical core has been further proved by the numerical simulation of the topography influence on the quasi-stationary planetary wave with 21-layer version of BTC dynamical framework.     

Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records

As the third summary report of ODP Leg 184 to the South China Sea (SCS), this paper discusses the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and the SCS basin. A multi-proxy approach, involving geochemistry, micropale-ontology, pollen and other analyses, was adopted for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the East Asian monsoon, which was characterized by a series of paleo-climate events especially at 8, 3.2, 2.2 and 0.4 Ma. The new record indicates similar stages in the development of the East and South Asian monsoons, with an enhanced winter monsoon over East Asia being the major difference. The rich spectrums of monsoon variability from the southern SCS also reveal other characteristic features of the low latitude ocean. Evidence for the evolution of the SCS includes the hemipelagic Oligocene sediments, implying the existence of deep water environments during the early seafloor spreading stage of the SCS basin. The four major unconformities and some remarkabl ediagenetic features in upper Oligocene deposits indicate the strongest tectonic events in the region. From a careful comparison of lithologies and sedimentation rates, we conclude that the prominent differences in sedimentary environments between the southern and northern SCS were established only by ～3 Ma.     

试论达尔文进化论在生态学发展中的地位

介绍了现代生态学发展的特点和达尔文的进化论及完善过程，认为达尔文提出的生态思想是朴素的生态观，其进化论是种—种群的进化，从本质上并未涉及到其他生态学等级的进化；必须以普遍联系的系统观和时空观评价生态学发展现状，生态学研究也必须注重局部各因子之间、整体与局部之间的作用关系。初步探讨了能否象牛顿力学那样将自然选择力作为推动生物进化的“万有引力”的生态学研究问题。     

历史时期乌兰布和沙漠环境变迁的再探讨

文章应用历史地理学方法，结合现代水文、河流、地貌、沉积等学科的研究成果，对历史时期乌兰布和沙漠北部环境变迁问题提出以下观点：1)乌兰布和沙漠北部在先奏为古屠申泽，其湖面远大于西汉至北魏时的屠中泽；2)西汉至北魏时屠中泽向北萎缩，湖面减为原来的44％，西汉所置窳浑，临戎、三封3县即位于河湖之滨的绿洲之上；3)黄河干流中滩～协成段受科里奥利力作用的影响，右岸冲刷较多，是该区黄河多次改道东移的惟一原因．黄河迳流是古屠申泽得以存在的惟一水源，故黄河改道是该湖不断萎缩终于干涸的根本原因；4)屠中泽干涸后湖盆受西北强烈干燥气流及沙漠流沙的侵袭，迅速沙漠化．小片绿洲亦因弃耕、缺乏植物覆盖而沙化、消亡；5)沙漠中湖泊对改善滨湖生态环境的作用显著，但其蒸发渗漏损失水量也十分巨大，对于极为缺水的黄河流域而言，维持湖泊的存在并不一定合算．     

Gallopheasants中协同进化性状的似然比检验

基于细胞色素b基因全序列的贝叶斯系统树，应用似然比检验方法比较研究了Gallopheasants类群的2个性状对的进化格局和过程．结果揭示了栖息地结构和海拔高度的密切关系．完全性成熟年龄和卵大小显示了协同进化格局；时序分析表明在进化过程中，前者先于后者出现．该结论暗示了生活史类型的转变．     

钢铁材料热轧过程组织演化的数学模型研究

材料研究的深入和相关工业的需求 ,推动材料向模型化、定量化的方向发展。模型化和组织演变预测技术是研究钢铁热轧过程预测不同化学成分、不同工艺条件下组织演变规律与性能的投资小、见效快的好方法。本文较系统总结了钢铁材料热轧过程中动态再结晶组织演化的数学模型 ,静态再结晶组织演化的数学模型和晶粒尺寸数学模型的描述 ,并给出了它们的适用条件及范围和发展方向     

核衣壳蛋白VP39结构分析与杆状病毒的进化研究

在测定了BmNPV—Ch(中国株)和HaMNPV vp39基因序列的基础上，推导出相应的氨基酸顺序，并与AcMNPV、OpMNPV、LdMNPV、BmNPV—Ja(日本株)的VP39蛋白的氨基酸顺序进行了比较。分析结果表明：在已知的各种杆状病毒中，VP39蛋白是一个保守性较强的蛋白质，Bm—NPV—Ch VP39蛋白与AcMNPV、OpMNPV、LdMNPV、BmNPV—Ja和HaMNPV VP39蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别是93．7％、58．2％、39．9％、97．1％、92．8％。HaMNPVVP39蛋白与AcMNPV、OpMNPV、LdMNPV、BmNPV—Ja和BmNPV—Ch VP39蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别为97．3％、59．0%、40．2%、93．1％、92．8％。通过氨基酸亲水性分析比较，探讨了VP39蛋白结构与杆状病毒进化间的关系。