关于发展山西煤机制造业之浅见

文章以国内外煤机装备制造业现状为切入点，分析了山西煤机产业的现状及存在问题，提出了发展优势与相应建议。     

微波高压硝酸消化原子荧光法测定微量砷

采用微波消化测定煤和土壤中微量元素砷。用硝酸高压消解，然后用原子荧光仪测定。方法的检出限0.011ng／L，线性范围0～40ng／L，其回收率为90．95～104．25％。该方法简便了煤和土壤中砷的消化和测定，精密度高，检出限低。     

利用“球壳失稳”理论确定煤与瓦斯突出瓦斯压力临界值

通过实验分析得出了马家沟矿9—12、12煤层初始释放瓦斯膨胀能与瓦斯压力的线性关系，从而确定了马家沟矿深部水平9—12、12煤层煤与瓦斯突出瓦斯压力临界值，为深部水平煤与瓦斯突出预测提供了依据。     

大柳塔煤矿12305工作面覆岩活动规律的相似模拟

为了研究薄基岩浅埋煤层开采过程中覆岩活动规律,利用相似材料模型法,对大柳塔煤矿12305工作面进行了相似模拟实验,得出了薄基岩浅埋煤层开采过程中覆岩活动特点.结果表明,薄基岩浅埋煤层开采的覆岩活动规律与常规开采顶板活动规律存在根本区别,应该有其自身的开采理论指导现场生产.     

煤电气载污染物人体健康风险生命周期评价

以国外的流行病研究资料、健康统计资料和国内的有关统计资料为基础,采用污染物生命周期分析的方法,依据归宿分析-效应分析-危害分析这条途径,研究了采煤-运输-发电过程产生的气载污染物通过空气、水和食品三种暴露途径对人体健康的危害,将煤-电生产整个生命周期排放的气载污染物与人体健康危害之间的定量关系以单位质量污染物所引起的残疾调整生命年(D)表示,提出了煤-电气载污染物对人体健康危害的定量评价方法.对广东茂名热电厂实例分析表明,在煤-电生产的整个生命周期过程中,由SOx、NOx、Cr6 三种污染物引起的健康危害为总健康危害的90.7%,气载致癌物中Cr6 的健康危害最大,三个不同生产阶段以燃煤发电阶段产生的人体健康风险最大.     

晋城矿区综采放顶煤工作面顶煤冒放性分析

根据晋城煤业集团综采放顶煤开采实际情况,从影响顶煤冒放性的煤体裂隙、开采工艺和支架与围岩关系3个方面进行分析,对综放工作面的布置、采放比、放煤步距、支架架型与工作阻力提出了建议.     

冲击破煤过程中能量耗散的理论分析

介绍了能量在冲击式破煤过程中的产生、传递和耗散过程以及能量最终的分布范围;运用应力波的方法分析了应力波在煤体中传播过程,并得出能量在衰减过程中衰减率的计算方法;还分析了剥落厚度的计算方法,并得出正弦应力波在煤体中传播时的冲劈厚度和最大煤块尺寸的关系;根据冲击规律和能量的传递特征对能量的传递过程进行了分析,并求出冲击消耗能量和最小散逸能之间的关系,指出了要使煤块破碎必须满足冲击消耗能量要大于最小散逸能。     

煤与生物质共超临界水催化气化制氢的实验研究

在压力为20～25MPa、停留时间为15～30s、：NaOH添加量(质量分数)为0．1％、反应器外壁温度为650℃的条件下，对煤与生物质的模型化合物羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)在超临界水环境中的催化气化制氢性能进行了研究，探讨了物料浓度、压力以及停留时间对煤与CMC共气化制氢的影响．实验结果表明：煤与CMC二共超临界水催化气化制氢的主要气体产物是H2、CO2和CH4，H2的体积分数可高达60％以上；增加物料浓度、升高压力有利于提高产氢率，但延长停留时间不利于氢气的制取．     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin

In theory, from the high temperature and pressure during the coal generating gas to the present low temperature and pressure of coalbed methane reservoir, the accumulation of coalbed methane was from oversaturated to undersaturated. The gas content of the coalbed methane reservoir in the south Qinshui basin was 12-35.7 m3/t. According to the isotherm and measured gas content of No. 3 coal, the adsorbed gas content in some wells was highly saturated and oversaturated, which was hard to theoretically understand. In addition, there were no thermogenic and biogenic gases at the late stage in the south Qinshui basin. This article proposed that the overpressure was the main reason for the present high saturation of the coalbed methane reservoir. In early Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was characterized by overpressure and high saturation caused by gas generation from coal measure source rocks. In late Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was rapidly uplifted, and with the temperature and pressure decreasing, the pressure condition of adsorbed gas changed from overpressure to normal-under pressure, which resulted in the high saturation and gas content in the present coalbed methane reservoir.