Fine three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the capital region and deep environment for the nucleation of strong earthquakes

A detailed 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the capitol region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4-17 km in depth. We used 48750 precise P-wave arrival time data from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by 123 seismic stations. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new information on the geological structure and complex seismotectonics of this region. Different patterns of velocity structures show up in the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan Mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological, topographic and lithological features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocity belts, respectively, which are oriented in NE-SW direction. The trend of velocity anomalies is the same as that of major structure and tectonics. Paleozoic strata and Pre-Cambrian basement rocks outcrop widely in the Taihangshan and Yanshan uplift areas, which exhibit strong and broad high-velocity anomalies in our tomographic images, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Most of large earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M 7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. However, in the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids, just like the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M 7.2) and the 2001 Indian Bhuj earthquake (M 7.8). The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes.     

激光烧结纳米Al_2O_3微观结构研究

利用电子扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对激光烧结纳米Al2O3粉末块体材料进行了试验分析与研究.结果表明,纳米晶粒的微观结构在烧结过程中不断地发生变化,但激光烧结基本可以抑制纳米晶粒的生长,得到具有纳米尺度的烧结材料.     

褶纹冠蚌外套膜的扫描电镜观察

用电镜观察了褶纹冠蚌的外套膜的表面结构，其内表皮表面是板块状结构，具沟和嵴，沟内和嵴上均有簇生的纤毛丛，纤毛长约8～9pm，直径约0．2μm，内表皮表面还具丰富的微绒毛和粘液细胞；外表皮表面也略呈板块状，表皮细胞轮廓较清晰，细胞表面的纤毛丛和粘液细胞明显比内表皮细胞少，这可能与外套膜内、外表皮所行使的功能不同有关。     

Ability to detect weak effective seismic signals by utilizing chaotic vibrator system

Taking the advantage of CVS (Chaotic Vibrator System) sensitivity of large-scale periodic phase-state response to quasi-periodic or periodic signals,a series of numerical experiments were made to understand the ability of CVS to detect weak effective seismic signals in the common-shot seismic record distorted by strong stochastic noise. The re-sults demonstrate that the large-scale periodic phase-states of CVS are correlated with the signal composition of the quasi-periodic wavelet sequence constructing from horizontal moveout of seismic events,noise strength and the noise distortion de-gree to signal. For the same kind of events,the higher the noise distortion degree is,the lower the detectable SNR can be reached by CVS. For seismic data with the same noise distortion degree,the closer the scanning seismic velocity (the trial moveout ve-locity) approaches to the accurate velocity,the higher the detectable SNR can be reached by CVS. More-over,the truncating scanning velocities form an asymmetric belt,which indirectly makes CVS achieve a large-scale periodic phase-state and then the ratio of wavelet distortion coefficients in events can be a biggish variable scope.     

厚管壁电容层析成像图像重建算法

探讨了适合厚管壁条件下的电容层析成像图像重建算法.针对厚管壁管道内几种不同流型,分别采用LBP算法、Landweber迭代算法和BP神经网络对8电极电容传感器进行成像重建计算.结果表明:在厚管壁情况下,LBP算法重建的图像质量很差;Landweber迭代算法在层流下的重建效果好于核心流和环状流;而BP神经网络算法可以有效重建管道内的介质分布,但对于没有训练到的任意流型,其重建效果不够理想.     

动物脑组织磷脂的薄层分离测定

以V(氯仿):V(无水乙醇):V(三乙胺):V(水)=10:11.3:11.7:2.7为展开剂,分别采用4种不同厂家生产的溴百里香酚蓝指示剂配制0.3%的溴百里香酚蓝水溶液(pH=7.0)作为显色剂,对牛脑组织中磷脂成分进行薄层层析分离和薄层扫描定量,该法分离、显色效果好,而且重现性、稳定性较好。     

基于平行PI线段的平行束CT重建

为了研究基于PI线段的反投影滤波重建方法在CT(computed tomography)系统中的应用,提出了一种基于平行PI线段的简化的平行射束重建算法。该算法首先对平行X射线束产生的投影数据进行微分,然后把这些微分后的数据反投影到一系列的平行PI线段上,最后沿着PI线段的方向对反投影数据进行Hilbert滤波,即得到重建图像。利用Shepp-Logan模型进行计算机数值模拟实验,得到了该算法和传统的滤波反投影算法的对比结果。利用微焦点X射线CT的投影数据进行重建,得到了实际数据下的重建图像。实验结果表明,该简化算法能够进行精确重建,可以应用于实际的CT系统。     

基于CT数据的股骨三维有限元建模方法

实现一种基于计算机断层成像(CT)数据的股骨三维有限元建模方法,用于生物力学研究。可视人计划(VHP)男性标本的冷冻CT序列图像分割后,用移动立方体算法三维重建股骨几何模型并转换为有限元网格,有限元网格设置各向同性和正交各向异性材料特性建立两个有限元模型,有限元模型施加双腿站立情况的边界条件进行有限元分析。结果表明,这两个股骨有限元模型能很好地和股骨解剖结构相符合。基于CT数据的建模方法可以快速并精确地建立各种骨骼的三维有限元模型。     

基于GATE程序的MicroSPECT成像系统并行化Monte Carlo模拟

MicroSPECT(micro single photon emission computed tomography)是专用于小动物成像的分子核医学设备。为了准确研究复杂放射源分布条件下光子在MicroSPECT成像系统中的输运过程,使用GATE程序模拟了基于H8500位置灵敏光电倍增管和针孔准直器的MicroSPECT系统,并在清华高性能计算集群上实现了GATE程序的并行化模拟。通过并行计算有效地提高了模拟速度,分别获得了点源、线源、Derenzo模型、Moby模型的投影数据及用于迭代断层图像重建的系统点扩展函数(point spread function,PSF)数据。     

螺旋CT对复杂骨关节损伤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨螺旋CT对复杂骨关节损伤的诊断价值。方法 :采用回顾性方法 ,对 5 0例复杂骨关节损伤病人CT片进行分析。其中 31例同时做了X线平片和CT检查。将CT片与平片结果进行对照研究。结果 :5 0例病人 ,CT显示骨折 15 2处 ,关节脱位 2 5个 ,椎管狭窄 13例 ,脊髓损伤 12例 ,蛛网膜下腔出血 1例 ,胸水 4例 ,关节积液 6例 ,上颌窦积血 6处 ,鼓窦、乳突积血 4处 ,软组织损伤 10例。31例中CT显示骨折10 4处 ,平片显示 46处 ;CT显示关节损伤 2 1个 ,平片显示 9个 ;CT显示椎管狭窄 10例 ,脊髓损伤 9例 ,关节积液 5例 ,平片均未显示 ;CT显示椎弓畸形 1例、平片诊断椎弓骨折可能 ,经手术证实为畸形 ;股骨粗隆间骨折 1例 ,CT、平片均未显示。结论 :(1)螺旋CT能直观、准确判定骨折类型 ,骨折片大小、数目及位置 ;(2 )能充分显示骨折片移位对附近组织造成的损伤情况 ;(3)能充分显示关节损伤程度并判定其稳定性 ;(4 )对损伤骨关节周围的软组织改变显示清晰 ,对复杂骨关节损伤有很高的诊断价值 ,但对线性骨折显示欠佳 ,可造成漏诊 ,应采取其它检查方法避免