低m(Cr)/m(Fe)铬铁矿除铁工艺的实验研究

以南非铬铁矿为对象,在热力学分析的基础上,采用碳热还原法开展了低m(Cr)/m(Fe)铬铁矿除铁工艺的实验研究.结果表明:实验中铬铁矿选择性除铁的适宜温度为1 100℃左右,符合热力学计算结果.低于此温度时还原出的富铁相与基体分离不彻底,难以结瘤析出;高于此温度时尖晶石相中的铬元素还原严重,影响铬的回收率.在1 100℃还原0.5 h并经酸浸处理后,铬铁矿可由化工级提升至冶金级,在相同温度下还原2 h后,m(Cr)/m(Fe)可由1.7提高至5.8,为实现低m(Cr)/m(Fe)铬铁矿的高效利用提供了新思路.     

铬铁矿的还原焙烧与磁选分离

以南非铬铁矿为原料,以潞安煤粉为还原剂,进行了铬铁矿粉还原焙烧与磁选分离实验。借助扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析,对碳热还原和磁选分离过程中的物相变化进行了系统研究。实验发现,当温度低于1 200℃时,铬铁矿仅发生少量铁氧化物的还原,当温度高于1 300℃时,铬铁矿中铬氧化物开始被还原成碳化铬。随着还原反应的不断进行,铬铁尖晶石结构逐渐发生转变并被破坏。在本实验条件下,铬铁矿较为适宜的预处理温度为1 200℃,此温度下的还原产物磁选后,磁选产物几乎全部为金属铁,磁选所得尾渣的除铁率为46%,铬的收得率为80%,w(Cr2O3)/w(ΣFe O)值高达3.75。研究工作对于铬铁矿预处理工艺的设计开发及低品位铬铁矿的综合利用具有理论指导意义。     

微波加热过程中含煤铬铁矿粉温度分布的分析

引用实验和数值的方法对柱状坩埚内含煤铬铁矿粉在微波加热场中的温度分布作了分析。对于柱状物料,不同时间内的温度的高温区域的分布是不同的,物料中水份的含量对于温度分布有着很大的影响。利用模型计算所得的温度值与实验值有很好的吻合。     

Phase relationship of complex multi-component system in chromate cleaner production

The phase relationships of the complex multi-component systems in the liquid-phase oxidization and separation process related with the chromate cleaner production are investigated theoretically and experimentally.The phase diagram of main system Fe- Cr_2O_4-KOH-O_2 of oxidization process and the relationship of its standard Gibbs free energy change with temperature are calculated.A se- ries of phase diagrams of the separation process at different temperatures,such as K(Na)OH-K(Na)_2CrO_4-H_2O,KOH-KAlO_2-H_2O, K(Na)OH-K(Na)_2CO_3-H_2O,K(Na)OH-K(Na)HCO_3-H_2O and K(Na)HCO_3-K(Na)_2CrO_4-H_2O have also been calculated.Some ex- periments are carried out to verify the calculated results.Our results showed that the sub-molten salt media are suitable for the oxidization and separation processes;FeCr_2O_4 can be oxidized across a wide range of temperature;K(Na)_2CrO_4 can be separated from K(Na)AlO_2 system at appropriate temperature and proper concentration;the crystallization of carbonate is easier than that of K(Na)_2CrO_4.     

Decomposition mechanism of chromite in sulfuric acid-dichromic acid solution

The sulfuric acid leaching process is regarded as a promising, cleaner method to prepare trivalent chromium products from chromite; however, the decomposition mechanism of the ore is poorly understood. In this work, binary spinels of Mg-Al, Mg-Fe, and Mg-Cr in the powdered and lump states were synthesized and used as raw materials to investigate the decomposition mechanism of chromite in sulfuric acid-dichromic acid solution. The leaching yields of metallic elements and the changes in morphology of the spinel were studied. The experimental results showed that the three spinels were stable in sulfuric acid solution and that dichromic acid had little influence on the decomposition behavior of the Mg-Al spinel and Mg-Fe spinel because Mg2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ in spinels cannot be oxidized by Cr6+. However, in the case of the Mg-Cr spinel, dichromic acid substantially promoted the decomposition efficiency and functioned as a catalyst. The decomposition mechanism of chromite in sulfuric acid-dichromic acid solution was illustrated on the basis of the findings of this study.     

渣中铬矿球团初期熔融现象的研究

利用管式炉对单个球团加入初期的升温过程、加热速率及其影响因素进行了理论和实验研究。建立了传热数学模型。实验结果与理论计算相符。1500—1568℃下球团(25℃)加入后至反应开始时间为50—80s,增高渣温、预热球团和强化搅拌可缩短至15s左右。研究结果对开发强搅拌下转炉铁浴型反应器进行铬矿、锰矿熔融还原新工艺具有参考意义。     

铬铁矿球团焙烧固结特性

本文系统研究铬铁矿球团的焙烧固结特性.结果表明：预热时间对于预热球强度影响不大,在预热时间为10 min时,随着预热温度的提高,预热球强度和氧化率呈直线型增加,适宜温度为1050益,此时预热球强度可达每个400 N以上;与传统铁矿球团相比,铬铁矿球团焙烧所需的温度高,焙烧时间为10 min时,焙烧温度从1250益提高到1350益,球团强度从每个1078 N提高到1973 N.在铬铁矿球团预热和焙烧过程中,铬尖晶石( Fe,Mg)( Cr,Fe,Al)2 O4氧化生成富镁的( Fe,Mg)( Cr, Fe,Al)2O4和铬铁铝复合氧化物(Cr,Fe,Al)2O3,当温度高于1000益时,(Cr,Fe,Al)2O3新相生成,其主要以环状分布在颗粒外层,颗粒内部为针状与(Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4形成交织结构,降低Cr/Fe比或升高焙烧温度均有助于(Cr,Fe,Al)2O3向颗粒外层富集和再结晶长大,有利于球团的固结,提高球团强度.     

蛇绿岩铬铁矿形成环境和成矿机制

对蛇绿岩中所附存铬铁矿的形成环境及其成矿机制做了简略回顾.就豆荚铬铁矿而言,其富铬型铬铁矿形成在岛弧环境,富铝型铬铁矿形成在洋中脊或弧后盆地环境,而富铬富铝型铬铁矿的形成被认为是经历了从洋中脊到到岛弧环境,同时回顾了蛇绿岩铬铁矿可能的3种成矿机制,即堆晶模式、混熔模式和熔融再造模式,并认为查明铬铁矿及其围岩的构造演化和铬铁矿与围岩的地质关系可能才是正确描述铬铁矿形成模式的关键.