铬渣柱浸生物解毒的研究

针对长沙铬盐厂铬渣污染的现状及铬渣的性质,进行了细菌柱浸解毒铬渣的实验。研究结果表明,实验前需将铬渣制成颗粒,解毒工艺的最佳粒径为4~8mm;最佳pH为10.0;最佳温度为30℃。在最佳工艺条件下,铬渣浸出液中Cr（Ⅵ）的浓度由250.6mg/L降为0mg/L,达到国家规定的废水排放标准;解毒后渣的浸出毒性为0.4mg/L,低于国家固体废物浸出毒性标准所规定的1.5mg/L。     

微波加热过程中含煤铬铁矿粉温度分布的分析

引用实验和数值的方法对柱状坩埚内含煤铬铁矿粉在微波加热场中的温度分布作了分析。对于柱状物料，不同时间内的温度的高温区域的分布是不同的，物料中水份的含量对于温度分布有着很大的影响。利用模型计算所得的温度值与实验值有很好的吻合。     

Sulfuric acid leaching kinetics of South African chromite

The sulfuric acid leaching kinetics of South African chromite was investigated. The negative influence of a solid product layer constituted of a silicon-rich phase and chromium-rich sulfate was eliminated by crushing the chromite and by selecting proper leaching conditions. The dimensionless change in specific surface area and the conversion rate of the chromite were observed to exhibit a proportional relationship. A modified shrinking particle model was developed to account for the change in reactive surface area, and the model was fitted to experimental data. The resulting model was observed to describe experimental findings very well. Kinetics analysis revealed that the leaching process is controlled by a chemical reaction under the employed experimental conditions and the activation energy of the reaction is 48 kJ·mol-1.     

Phase relationship of complex multi-component system in chromate cleaner production

The phase relationships of the complex multi-component systems in the liquid-phase oxidization and separation process related with the chromate cleaner production are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The phase diagram of main system FeCr₂O₄-KOH-O₂ of oxidization process and the relationship of its standard Gibbs free energy change with temperature are calculated. A series of phase diagrams of the separation process at different temperatures, such as K(Na)OH-K(Na)₂CrO₄-H₂O, KOH-KAlO₂-H₂O, K(Na)OH- K(Na)₂CO₃-H₂O, K(Na)OH-K(Na)HCO₃-H₂O and K(Na)HCO₃-K(Na)₂CrO₄-H₂O have also been calculated. Some experiments are carried out to verify the calculated results. Our results showed that the sub-molten salt media are suitable for the oxidization and separation processes; FeCr₂O₄ can be oxidized across a wide range of temperature; K(Na)₂CrO₄ can be separated from K(Na)AlO₂ system at appropriate temperature and proper concentration; the crystallization of carbonate is easier than that of K(Na)₂CrO₄.     

含碳铬铁矿粉在微波场中的升温特性

采用微波加热法避免传统加热方式带来的粉状物料传热传质不均匀的现象. 利用微波冶金炉,针对含碳铬铁矿粉在微波场中的升温特性进行了研究. 结果表明,含碳铬铁矿粉在频率2.450 GHz的微波场中具有良好的升温特性. 在微波加热功率10 kW、含碳铬铁矿粉1 kg的条件下,含碳铬铁矿粉在7 min内温度可升至1 100 ℃,升温速率为157.1 ℃·min-1;而含碳磁铁矿粉在10 min内温度升至1 000 ℃,升温速率仅为100 ℃·min-1. 提高配碳比,可提高含碳铬铁矿粉的升温速率和降低轻烧钙质石灰粉对物料升温速率的影响.