分子筛型固体酸催化剂用于长直链烯烃和苯的烷基化反应

以分子筛型固体酸代替氢氟酸作催化剂,研究了长直链烯烃和苯的烷基化反应。对各种类型分子筛的研究表明:以金属阳离子交换的Y型分子筛为催化剂,在常压、苯/烯=8(摩尔比)、烯/剂=6(重量比)的条件下,反应0.5小时,烯烃的转化率可达97%以上,苯的单烷基化的选择性在90%以上。提高反应温度和压力可进一步提高烯烃的转化率,当反应温度150℃、压力2MPa、重量空速6h~(-1)时,烯烃转化率高于90%的时间可达100小时以上。     

负载型金属簇催化剂的结构表征

综述了XRD，CO-FTIR，EXAFS，XPS，HRTEM等物化方法在负载型金属簇催化剂的结构性能(包括金属分散度、表面结构、电子状态)等方面的应用。为更好地认识和使用负载型金属簇催化剂提供了可靠的依据。     

FAAS测定汽车尾气催化剂中的铑

采用火焰原子吸收(FAAS)法对汽车尾气净化催化剂中贵金属铑(Rh)的含量进行了分析.为避免共存元素N i的谱线干扰,选择Rh的次灵敏线369.2 nm作为分析线,采用标准加入法定量、有效地消除了基体元素对测试结果的影响.催化剂样品分析相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%~2.7%,加标回收率为102.9%~104.7%.     

制备较大粒径稀土复合氧化物条件的研究

由于其良好的储放氧能力和热稳定性，以铈为主的铈锆氧化物在汽车尾气的处理中得到了越来越广泛的应用。文章通过对沉淀剂、沉淀方法等的研究，探索了实验室制备较大粒径稀土复合氧化物的优化条件。     

A kinetic model for describing effect of the external surface concentration of TiO_2 on the reactivity of egg-shell activated carbon supported TiO_2 photocatalys

The porous support supported TiO2 is considered to be the promising photocatalyst due to the fact that it is easily recovered from water and has high capacity to mineralize pollutants. Obviously, the expected structure of this kind of photocatalyst is egg-shell, that is, TiO2 is mainly on the external surface of the porous support. The reactivity of the supported photocatalyst strongly depends on the concentration of TiO2 on the external surface of the porous support. In this study, a kinetic model was developed to describe the effect of the external surface concentration of TiO2 (CESC) on the reactivity of egg-shell activated carbon (AC) supported TiO2 photocatalysts. It was found that the obtained model precisely described the effect of CESC, on the reactivity of TiO2/AC photocatalysts. This study can be used to deeply understand the performance of TiO2/AC catalysts and to provide valuable information on designing efficient supported TiO2 photocatalysts.     

Pd/Al_2O_3气相催化丙烯腈制丙腈添加CaO的研究

利用固定床连续反应装置，研究了钯催化剂对丙烯腈在常压下气相加氢制丙腈的催化性能。Pd/Al2O3催化剂对丙烯腈双键加氢选择性较高，没有检测出副产物。但催化活性随反应时间延长迅速降低。加入助剂CaO能提高催化剂的稳定性，延长催化剂寿命；CaO含量(wt)以30％时为最佳修饰量。结合XRD，SEM谱图探讨了CaO对催化剂性能的作用。并考察了反应条件对催化剂性能的影响。     

超临界流体干燥对VPO催化剂比表面和晶相的影响

以V2O5、浓H3PO4为原料，浓HCl和柠檬酸作还原剂，加入一定含量不同金属离子作助剂，采用超临界流体干燥法制备了VPO催化剂，并在不同气氛下进行活化，应用BET、XRD表征手段，考察了各VPO催化剂粒子的比表面积、晶相结构。实验表明：采用超临界流体干燥法可使催化剂的比表面积显增加，助剂的种类和量不同、活化气氛不同、对催化剂比表面积的影响也不同，助剂的种类对催化剂的晶相结构也有一定的影响。     

负载Pt催化剂在卤代硝基苯氢化反应中的催化性能研究

考察了常压、303K反应条件下，γ—Al2O3、TiO2和ZrO2上负载的铂催化剂在卤代硝基苯的氢化反应中的催化性能，同时考察了过渡金属(Cr，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni和Cu)改性Pt/ZrO2的催化性能．不同负载的铂催化剂加氢活性次序为：Pt／TiO2＞Pt／γ—Al2O3＞Pt/ZrO2，相应的对氯苯胺(p—CAN)选择性次序为：Pt／TiO2＞Pt／ZrO2＞Pt／γ—Al2O3．KBH4处理过的催化剂显示了较高的催化活性．Mn、Fe和Co的引入同时提高了Pt／ZrO2催化剂的催化活性和p—CAN选择性．PtNi／ZrO2催化剂随着Ni含量的增加，催化活性降低，但产物p—CAN的选择性都超过99％．     

Functionalization of graphene materials by heteroatom-doping for energy conversion and storage

Recent development in nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in materials science and engineering to create new materials for energy generation and storage. Owing to their earth abundance, low-cost, structural tunability, large-surface area, and unique physicochemical properties, graphitic carbon materials have attracted a great deal of attention for energy-related applications. However, the pristine graphene materials without functionalization is intractable (insoluble and infusible), which has hindered their practical applications. Therefore, considerable research effort has been devoted to the development of functionalized graphene materials with desirable properties for specific applications, including energy conversion and storage. It was demonstrated that functionalized graphene materials with tunable work functions were useful as charge-extraction materials to effectively improve solar cell performance while those with high electrocatalytic activities could be used as metal-free catalysts in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, water splitting and integrated energy systems. This article provides a timely focused review on the development of heteroatom-doped graphene materials for low-cost, but efficient, energy generation and storage.     

杯芳烃催化剂的研究进展

杯芳烃特殊的结构和易于衍生化的特点使其在用作催化剂方面具有独特的优势.本文综述了国内外近年来杯芳烃在反相转移催化剂、模拟酶及其他催化性能方面的研究进展.