雁107砾岩油藏储集类型及对注水开发的影响

雁107厚层砾岩油藏的储层岩性以白云岩为主,在开发初期,立足于储集空间以孔隙为主的认识,按照一般砂砾岩油藏的开发模式制定了开发方案,在投入开发不到两年、采出程度不到5%的情况下,其产油量即从投产初期的150t/d左右下降至20t/d左右,综合含水高达80%。在没有岩芯资料和测井系列不适合于裂缝研究的条件下,从油藏开发中暴露的矛盾分析入手,借助井壁取芯、压力恢复测试等资料,重点讨论了储层岩性差别与储集类型的关系,以及储集类型的识别在雁107砾岩油藏开发中的重要意义。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分析酒中的钴

以三甲基苄基氯化铵 (TMBAC)和硫氰化钾为络合剂,在适宜的酸度条件下,用氯仿萃取 (TMBAC)-Coⁿ⁺-CNS- 的络合物,分离Coⁿ⁺和维生素B₁₂,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法加基体改进剂测定Coⁿ⁺和维生素B₁₂中的钴。由于维生素B₁₂ 既不溶于氯仿亦不被三甲基苄基氯化铵络合,与Coⁿ⁺的分离效果甚佳。     

四川大邑、崇州、汶川、都江堰毗邻地区的侏罗系

龙门山中、南段的四川大邑、崇州、汶川、都江堰毗邻地区的侏罗系发育良好,呈NE-SW走向。地层划分出白田坝组、千佛岩组、沙溪庙组、遂宁组、莲花口组以及新建五龙沟砾岩5个正式组级和1个非正式群级岩石地层单元。首次总结了岩石组合特征及相变,讨论了侏罗纪以电子自旋共振(ESR)为依据的年代地层划分,并简要叙述了白田坝期—千佛岩期冲积扇-湖相、沙溪庙期—遂宁期的河流相、莲花口期和五龙沟砾岩的洪积扇(冲积扇相)的划分依据     

First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment

Extrapyramidal movement disorders are common in chronic schizophrenia, and may be an intrinsic feature of the illness as well as related to antipsychotic drug treatment. Similar dysfunctions at illness onset may have implications for outcome, and for under- standing the mechanisms of illness. The objectives were to examine the clinical correlates of pre-treatment movement disorders at first episode of psychosis, and determine associations with neuropsychological function and striatal structure. Never medicated subjects were recruited from consecutive admissions to Early Psychosis Programs with defined catchment areas in Hong Kong, China, and Halifax, Canada. Standardized clinical, neuropsychological and brain imaging assessments were carried out at baseline and following acute and long term treatment with typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs. At the Hong Kong site, we studied 84 subjects with first episode psychosis (n = 10 with EPS). At the Halifax site, we studied 40 subjects with first episode psychosis (n = 17 with EPS), and 23 healthy comparison subjects. Subjects with movement disorders prior to treatment (EPS+) had higher total PANSS scores at baseline (mean elevation 19.9% Hong Kong, P = 0.016; 14.7% Halifax, P = 0.049). In subjects treated with atypical antipsychotics (all Halifax), EPS+ status at baseline predicted more movement disorders at long term follow up (P = 0.0005). In both cohorts, EPS+ subjects had poorer acute symptomatic treatment response assessed with the PANSS (Hong Kong P = 0.005; Halifax P = 0.017). Neuropsychological impairment related to executive dysfunction appeared greater in a small sam- ple of EPS+ subjects (Hong Kong, effect size 0.26-0.27, P < 0.05). Caudate volumes were 4.5% larger in EPS+ compared with EPS-subjects (Halifax P = 0.042), and correlations between striatal volumes and age were different in the EPS+ group. In conclu- sion, pre-treatment EPS is present in a substantial minority of subjects with first episode psychosis, appears to persist at long term follow up, and is associated with poorer response of symptoms to treatment. Selective impairment of executive function and stria- tal enlargement provides evidence of abnormalities of brain function and structure associated with this aspect of early psychosis.     

准噶尔盆地网毯式油气成藏输导体系

利用输导体地质综合研究方法,以断层、砂体及断—砂组合关系分析为基础,对准噶尔盆地白垩系油气成藏体系进行研究,分析网毯式油气成藏体系输导体的特征及分布.结果表明:按照输导体与毯状仓储层中底砾岩的接触关系,可建立3类9型输导体样式,包括上沟通型、下沟通型、自沟通型、内沟通型断裂输导体,沟通型、未沟通型不整合面输导体,上沟通型、下沟通型、内沟通型砂体连通输导体;不同类型的输导体组合出“Y”型输导模式、“T”型输导模式、“H”型输导模式;输导体在仓储层的“成毯”和“溢散”过程中起到关键作用;复杂的网状输导体系控制了研究区油气藏的形成、分类及分布特征.     

陆相含油气盆地古地貌恢复研究进展

古地貌是控制含油气盆地沉积相发育与分布的主要因素,在一定程度上控制着后期油藏的储盖组合,精确的古地貌恢复对油气勘探至关重要,目前已成为国际沉积学领域的研究热点之一,文中选取陆相含油气盆地为分析对象,结合研究实例对古地貌恢复的沉积学、层拉平、高分辨率层序地层学等方法进行了论述,并分断陷湖盆和坳陷湖盆分别论述了古地貌对沉积体系的控制作用,强调了三维建模技术建立古地貌模型的重要性.今后应加强定量研究,且要注意进行古水深校正,完善埋藏史恢复,以此来进行绝对古地貌恢复,提高研究的精度,也应加强高分辨率层序地层学在的古地貌恢复中的作用.     

石油类污染土壤基础呼吸作用的影响因素研究

 石油类污染物进入土壤环境,会对土壤的理化性质、微生物活性等产生危害,进而影响土壤呼吸强度。以某石油类污染场地为研究对象,通过调查取样,采用分子生物学手段对污染发生后包气带、含水层的土壤现状微生物量、土壤化学指标、基础呼吸作用进行研究。研究发现,土壤呼吸强度首要受微生物量影响,其次受硝酸盐、氨氮、亚硝酸盐等因子影响。石油污染对土壤基础呼吸强度的影响,主要体现在对浅层土壤（0.5 m）、地下水位变动带（1.5 m）的土壤基础呼吸强度具有一定的抑制作用。     

核磁共振技术采油机理

在深入研究新疆克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组砾岩油藏储层特征的基础上,应用核磁共振技术研究采油机理。在实验室内对同一岩样分别进行水驱油实验和渗吸实验,研究不同开采方式下油水分布、采出程度及孔隙动用特征。结果表明:小孔隙占总的孔隙体积的50%以上,中孔隙和大孔隙各占20%以上,水驱采油主要发生在大孔隙和中空隙中,小空隙所做贡献很小。渗吸采油时,小孔隙内的油是采出程度得主要贡献,与水驱采油的情况明显不同。但渗吸总体采出程度比较低,渗吸速度较慢。因此水驱采油是该地区低渗透砾岩储层采油的主要技术,渗吸作用可以有效动用小孔隙,是水驱采油的补充。     

玛湖1井区乌尔禾组致密砂砾岩储层物性特征研究

新疆油田玛湖凹陷现为世界储量最大的砾岩油藏,玛湖1井区乌尔禾组是其开发的主力层位之一.致密砾岩油藏孔喉结构复杂,基础物性特征不同于常规储层,需要深入研究.通过岩石薄片、激光衍射、高压压汞、压差-流量法驱替等方法研究了该储层孔隙、粒度、启动压力梯度等物性特征.结果表明:致密砂砾岩储层粒度以2～10 mm为主,黏土矿物以伊蒙混层为主,具有潜在的强水敏性;孔隙类型主要为剩余粒间孔、粒内溶孔,含有微裂缝,按照压汞曲线可分为三类储层:Ⅰ类排驱压力较低,存在集中分布的微米级孔喉,Ⅱ类排驱压力中等,微米级与纳米级孔喉均有分布,Ⅲ类排驱压力较高,主要发育纳米级孔喉;拟启动压力梯度和渗透率呈现良好幂函数关系,相同渗透率下致密砾岩储层较砂岩储层启动压力更高,且随渗透率增加其差异有减小趋势.研究结果对该储层物性与启动压力有了清晰的认识,为玛湖致密储集层合理、高效开发提供了理论依据.