高分辨率层序地层学方法在沉积前古地貌恢复中的应用

古地形地貌是控制盆地内沉积相发育与分布的主导因素，是沉积学研究的基础内容之一。高分辨层序地层是学从基准面旋回变化和可容性纳空间变化原理为基础，揭示基准面旋回层序与沉积动力学和地层响应过程的关系。应用高分辨率层序地层学方法进行地层对比能使地层对比等时性更强，精度更高，进而能更好地反映原始古地貌特征，高分辨率层序地层学方法恢复古地貌是建立在沉积相分析基础上，其技术关键是对比参照面的选择，文章详细讨论了单一沉积体系和多种沉积体系组合沉积前古地貌恢复的基本方法和步骤，并提出了在实际操作中应注意的问题。     

古地貌对沉积体系类型和展布的控制作用——以黄河口凹陷东次洼东二段为例

揭示"古地貌对沉积体系的约束作用"已成为国内外油气盆地分析研究的一个热点,为进一步明确古地貌对层序地层格架内沉积类型和沉积展布的控制作用,利用渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷东次洼东二段的三维地震数据和钻井、测井资料,在层序地层格架内,采用地层厚度的方法重构古地貌,分析研究区东二段不同沉积期次的古地貌特征,探讨古地貌对沉积体系类型...     

含煤地层高分辨层序地层研究的现状与展望

论述了层序地层学在含煤地层研究中的应用;层序地层学的新进展和前沿理论;含煤地层层序地层研究的主要特点;高分辨率含煤地层层序划分的最新进展、应用和展望。笔者认为：含煤地层的高分辨层序地层分析必须紧密结合聚煤盆地充填沉积的特点和盆地的类型;含煤层序的结构具有特殊性和多样性;含煤地层中的事件沉积为高分辨率层序划分的重要依据,高分辨事件界面的识别与对比对确定高分辨层序地层格架最有意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界高分辨率层序划分与煤聚积规律分析

运用层序地层学的理论和高分辨率层序地层中基准面的研究方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代盆地充填序列和高分辨率层序地层单元的划分以及该地区煤的聚积规律进行了研究.结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界由陆表海盆地、盆地转换时期、大型板内坳陷盆地3类充填沉积序列构成.该区本溪组至石盒子组可划分成9个三级层序和4个二级层序.在高分辨率层序地层格架内盆地的聚煤作用是随着盆地充填演化发生迁移的,其中第5号煤层沉积时期是聚煤作用最强的时期,而第3号煤层形成时聚煤作用的范围已经退缩.聚煤作用的强度变化与富煤单元的迁移受盆地充填沉积时的沉积体系发育及废弃特点控制.     

断陷湖盆沉积层序演化模式及主控因素分析

渤海湾盆地是我国东部新生代发育的主要含油气断陷湖盆,具有十分可观的资源储量。为了更好地指导油气储层预测,辅助勘探方案的制订,通过黄河口地区丰富的高分辨率地震数据以及钻测井等资料,全面分析了渤海湾盆地黄河口西洼东营组沉积层序的时空演化规律及其主控因素间的作用关系,最终得出如下结论:研究区东营组可划分为3套三级层序,其中SQ3和SQ2进一步划分为湖扩域和高位域。层序内部主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲和湖相四种沉积体系,从SQ3至SQ1呈明显的继承性发育特征。沉积层序演化过程主要受到了古地貌和基准面变化的控制,其中坡折带作为古地貌的重要表现,它的形态和规模成为控制层序和沉积体系的首要因素;其不仅为沉积物供给提供保障,而且成为沉积物的搬运和卸载有利场所;另一重要影响因素是基准面变化,它通过影响A/S的大小,控制沉积物的储存状态,形成不同类型的沉积组合,最终在两种因素的耦合下形成了黄河口西洼复杂的层序、沉积模式。北部陡坡带,层序地层以断失现象出现,主要发育曲流河三角洲沉积体系。中部砂质滩坝大面积发育,而在南部斜坡带不整合特征以地层超覆为主,并形成持续发育、规模较大的辫状河三角洲沉积体系。未来勘探目标可设定为分布在滨浅湖砂质滩坝中的有利储集砂体。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界高分辨率层序划分与煤聚积规律分析

运用层序地层学的理论和高分辨率层序地层中基准面的研究方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代盆地充填序列和高分辨率层序地层单元的划分以及该地区煤的聚积规律进行了研究.结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界由陆表海盆地、盆地转换时期、大型板内坳陷盆地3类充填沉积序列构成.该区本溪组至石盒子组可划分成9个三级层序和4个二级层序.在高分辨率层序地层格架内盆地的聚煤作用是随着盆地充填演化发生迁移的,其中第5号煤层沉积时期是聚煤作用最强的时期,而第3号煤层形成时聚煤作用的范围已经退缩.聚煤作用的强度变化与富煤单元的迁移受盆地充填沉积时的沉积体系发育及废弃特点控制.     

浅谈陆相盆地高分辨率层序地层研究思路

陆相盆地层序分析已成为地质工作者高度重视的重要研究课题之一。该文从中国中部、东部和西部广泛发育的中新生代陆相含油气盆地层序分析工作中所面临的实际问题出发 ,认为在不同学者提出的层序地层学理论体系中 ,以 T.A.Cross提出的高分辨率层序地层学更适合中国中、新生代陆相盆地层序地层学研究。简要讨论了以地表露头、钻井岩芯与测井和地震剖面为主要分析对象的陆相含油气盆地高分辨率层序地层学的综合研究思路和工作流程。     

古地貌恢复技术方法及其研究意义--以鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪沉积前古地貌研究为例

古地形地貌是控制一个盆地后期沉积相发育与分布的一个主要因素,同时在一定程度上控制着后期油藏的储盖组合.同现在地貌一样,古地貌形态受到了所处的区域构造位置、气候、基准面变化及构造运动等因素综合作用的影响.鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系发育在由印支运动主幕所造成的三叠纪顶部不整合接触面上,早侏罗世沉积特点主要受控于沉积前古地形地貌,因此开展侏罗纪沉积前古地貌恢复工作及探讨古地貌对后期油气藏关系对于寻找侏罗系油田具有重要的指导意义.作者主要是从沉积学角度出发,通过对鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪沉积前古地形地貌的恢复研究,进一步对古地貌恢复从方法上进行了研究,同时探讨了沉积前古地貌对后期油藏的控制作用.     

坳陷湖盆湖泛层沉积特征及其石油地质意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例,运用高分辨率层序地层学理论,综合利用露头、岩心、测井等资料,在延长组内识别出了6层三级层序级别的湖泛层(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ),研究了其沉积相类型、沉积厚度及其平面展布等沉积特征,从发育层位、露头、岩电响应等方面建立了其识别标志.研究结果表明,湖泛层主要具有4方面的石油地质意义:①湖泛层具有在测井和地震资料上易识别和对比的特征,可作为湖盆层序地层划分和对比的辅助标志层,对湖盆层序地层研究具有一定辅助作用;②利用湖泛泥岩类型及其厚度平面展布特征,反映不同时期湖水分布和演化规律;③借助湖泛层厚度沉积中心的分布和迁移,研究湖盆沉积洼陷的分布和迁移规律,对认识整个湖盆的演化具有重要意义;④湖泛层作为油藏的主要烃源岩和盖层,其时空分布特征控制着油藏组合类型和成藏规律.     

陆相断陷湖盆层序地层单元的划分及界面识别标志

以济阳坳陷下第三系沙河街组层序地层学研究为基础.论述了陆相断陷湖盆不同级别的层序地层单元的划分及其界面识别标志。湖盆沉积按湖平面的变化特征可划分出层序、体系域、准层序组、准层序等层序地层单元.不同级别的层序地层单元边界在地震、测井、岩心、古生物、地球化学等资料中均有特征性反映.通过不同级别的层序地层单元边界的识别,可以建立起层序地层格架.进而研究每一单元的地层展布及沉积学特征.以指导油气勘探和开发。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.