基于树形通用背景模型的高效说话人辨认

为了提高基于G auss混合模型通用背景模型(GMM-U BM)的说话人辨认系统的运算效率,提出一种基于树的核心挑选算法(TBK S),通过将U BM中的各个G auss分布按组织成树形结构,来减少从中挑选核心分布的运算量。实验结果表明:对1 000个说话人进行辨认,TBK S与现有的基于特征矢量重排序的剪枝算法(ORBP)相结合,将基于GMM-U BM的辨认系统的运算速度提高21.9倍,误识率却只上升不到4%;TBK S和ORBP相结合,可大幅度提高GMM-U BM系统的运算效率,而基本不降低识别率。     

探索对外汉语文化教学的有效途径

语言和文化的关系密不可分,语言教学离不开文化传授。在对外汉语教学中,应把文化背景知识教学寓于语言课教学和实践课教学之中。在课堂教学过程中注意运用对比的方法,防止“负迁移”作用。注意区分留学生所属的“文化圈”,有针对性地因材施教。采取灵活多样的教学手段,促进文化交流与融合。     

文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响

涉外商务谈判的各方来自不同国家,文化背景是一个对谈判有重要影响的因素。这是因为文化的差异造成了各方不同的思维方式,他们的谈判风格、技巧、行为特征等也因为受到文化的影响而不尽相同。进一步说,文化差异影响表现在他们对谈判的定义、谈判人员的选择,以及在礼节、沟通方式、时间、合同形式等方面的不同要求。在涉外商务谈判中,应该认识到文化差异的存在,并努力去跨越这些差异达到相互理解。     

Some evidence of drying trend over northern China from 1951 to 2004

The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over China were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern China in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern China was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2) During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast China, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern China, the western part of Northwest China is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest China, the central part of North China and Northeast China since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions.     

后现代主义小说的"平面化"审美特征解析

“平面化”主要指:人物平面化,情节、结构平面化,背景平面化,主题平面化。“平面化”是后现代主义文学的主要审美特征之一,这一审美特征突出地表现在后现代主义小说创作当中。     

成都市土壤测量Hg元素的发育特征及其来源

成都市是Hg的高背景和异常区，深、浅层样各具不同的元素组合，发育特征和引起的原因。深层样Hg异常与构造、天然气、地热、矿产和基底隆起有关；浅层样则与城市居民生活古代颜料、工业、燃煤、农业、河流的污染及上游的矿产等物质来源有关。     

闪烁室本底的来源及降低方法

闪烁室是一种常用于测量氡的探测器．介绍了闪烁室的探测原理以及闪烁室本底的各种来源、特点和相应的降低方法。     

国企经营者股权激励机制的制度背景分析

从国有企业经营者股权激励机制改革的制度背景方面入手，分析和阐述了近年来我国在股权激励方面的政策与措施变化，并结合当前形势的发展，论述了健全和完善国企经营者激励机制的必要性。     

西南天山金锑成矿带成矿远景

中国新疆西南天山是中亚南天山金和有色金属成矿带的东延部分,成矿潜力巨大.分析了区域成矿背景,总结了金、锑成矿规律,划分了6个成矿带和15个金、锑成矿区,对4个重点成矿区的成矿远景进行了分析.指出萨瓦亚尔顿河上游、乌兰赛尔-萨恨托亥、乌什北山、哈尔克成矿带的西北部、查汗萨拉、卡拉脚古牙应作为首批重点研究和找矿靶区.提出穆龙套型金矿应作为主攻类型,对于锑矿应重视碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩接触部位的破碎带,并注意锑与其他金属的共生规律.     

略论唐朝治桂政策实施的背景

唐朝以前，桂东地区的封建庄园经济。土地私有制已有所发展，而桂西地区大体上仍停留在前封建制阶段，社会经济相当落后，尤其是农业经济与桂东有着相当大的差距。唐朝统治者审时度势，根据当时广西社会发展的变化，调整了其治桂政策，在桂东地区设立正州正县，而在桂西地区则继续沿袭前代的的羁縻政策。