于桥水库菹草过度生长对水质的影响及成因分析

通过对于桥水库水生植物种群群落和生物量的调查,分析水质监测成果和影响菹草生长的因素,研究菹草过度生长对水库水质的影响,探究于桥水库菹草疯长发生成因.对Lambert-Beer定律公式进行变换,分析水下太阳辐照度与水深和透明度的关系.结果表明:在菹草死亡腐败期,过量菹草衰亡释放的高营养盐和有机质对水质影响较大,恶化程度近1倍,持续时间约为1周;导致于桥水库出现菹草疯长现象的主要原因是光照度、透明度、水深和水温等条件;当透明度一定时,4月水位提高1,m,水下太阳辐照度将降低56.5%,菹草所能获得的光照能量大大减少,从而抑制了菹草过度生长.以Lambert-Beer定律为理论依据,提出采用提高水位、改变高水位运行时间抑制菹草过度生长的新方法.     

浅议如何提高畜牧业单位员工的科学素质

通过不同方式对现有职工进行不间断的再教育、再复训,提高单位在岗职工的技术理论素质,培养和储备一大批具有相应专业理论的本土人才,也不失为解决人才短缺,确保科学技术在畜牧业单位得以顺利推广应用,促进畜牧业单位发展的重要途径。在此,笔者就如何提高畜牧业单位员工的科学素质浅谈几点看法。     

古代DNA 技术及其在家养动物驯化历史研究中的应用

家养动物始终伴随着人类文明的发生、发展, 其起源和驯化历史一直备受关注. 而在其 近万年的演化历史中, 家养和野生群体间可能发生基因互渗及替代, 因此基于现代物种DNA 信息进行的历史推断可能存在偏差. 近年来, 古代生物遗骸中的DNA (古代DNA)获取技术日 益成熟, 为这类研究开辟了新的途径. 本文总结了近年来古代DNA 技术研究进展, 点评了古 代生物遗骸DNA 的获取和鉴别方法、古代DNA 提取、扩增及测序技术的革新. 最后, 本文综 述了古代DNA 技术在猪、马、羊、狗等主要家养动物驯化历史研究中的应用进展, 为该技术 的进一步发展及应用提供有益的参考.     

青海省畜牧业雪灾风险评价研究

利用青海省1986-2005年积雪深度数据和1949-2005年雪灾灾情案例数据,构建畜牧业雪灾风险评价模型,拟合脆弱性曲线,采用GIS技术,评价了不同年遇致灾水平下青海省畜牧业雪灾损失风险.结果表明:(1)青海省雪灾致灾因子高危险性区域分布在祁连山、唐古拉山、巴彦喀拉山和可可西里山一带,多年平均积雪深度在5cm以上;(2)青海省畜牧业雪灾风险呈现南高北低的分布格局,高风险等级区域集中位于玉树藏族自治州的玉树县、囊谦县和果洛藏族自治州的达日县、班玛县,这是青海省雪灾风险重点防范区域.中高风险等级区域主要分布在昆仑山以南,唐古拉山以北的青南高原地区,占畜牧业总面积的65.2%.本研究可以为减轻雪灾损失,保障畜牧业持续发展提供科学参考.     

The first record of Syncarida in Montana,USA: a new genus and species of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea,Bathynellacea) in North America

Montanabathynella salish gen. nov. sp. nov., of the family Parabathynellidae, from Montana, USA, is described. The new species displays several exclusive characters: distal endite of the maxillule with nine claws and a very large and distinctive male thoracopod 8 with four lobes in the basal penial region and a long recurved exopod without setation. It also presents a unique combination of characters: antennule seven‐segmented; antenna six‐segmented; labrum with 18 teeth; exopod of thoracopods three‐ to six‐segmented, endopod with one dorsal seta on the first and second segments and epipod only present on thoracopods 4 to 7; pleopods absent; endopod of thoracopod 8 male with two setae and exopod without setae; female thoracopod 8 having two segments, first segment with two groups of denticles and the second one with three long barbed setae; 15 spines on sympod, four spines and spinous process on endopod and 12 setae on exopod of uropod.     

人体及动物生理学实验双语教学的实践与探讨

在本科院校中开展双语教学是教育改革发展的必然趋势.介绍了双语教学的模式,就人体解剖生理学实验双语教学实践的开展方法、步骤及教学体会进行了阐述,旨在为进一步深化双语教学改革提供建议和依据.     

过渡礼仪视野下的本命年现象解读

本命年作为一种具有"过渡"性质的人生仪礼,由于过渡状态的模糊性以及无法顺利通过此种中间状态可能带来的更为严重后果,给人们带来了忧虑和不安,为此民间衍化出挂红的习俗,意在安抚人们内心的焦虑和恐惧。本命年期间的挂红习俗不仅能为人们提供一种心理安慰,更借助现代商业成为一种审美方式与流行风尚,同时成为亲友联络感情的重要渠道。     

浅谈如何准确地做好家畜后裔测定

概述了家畜后裔测定的作用,介绍了后裔测定时应注意的事项,提出了几种后裔测定常用方法.     

New records of Bathynellacea (Syncarida,Bathynellidae) in North America: three new species of the genus Pacificabathynella from Montana,USA

Three new species of the genus Pacificabathynella Schminke and Noodt, 1988 Schminke, H K and Noodt, W. 1988. Groundwater Crustacea of the order Bathynellacea (Malacostraca) from North America. J Crustacean Biol., 8(2): 290–299.  [Google Scholar] are described from groundwater aquifers in glaciated North America (Montana, USA). This is the first time that this genus, known previously only from the state of California, has been documented in Montana. Pacificabathynella and Paradoxibathynella Serban, 2000 Serban, E. 2000. Uenobathynella n.g., Parauenobathynella n.g., Morimotobathynella n.g., Nihobathynella n.g. et Paradoxibathynella n.g., Bathynellinae du Japón (Bathynellidae, Bathynellacea, Podophallocarida). Travaux Inst Spéol “Émile Racovitza”, 36: 3–61.  [Google Scholar] are the only genera that show sexual dimorphism in thoracopod VI. Pacificabathynella kalispellensis sp. nov. has several unique features: the setal formula of the antenna (0/2+exop/3/12/6/8/5); the setal formula of the maxilla (7/4/7/6); the presence of an epipod on thoracopod II; tufts of setulae and abundant setae on the basipod and endopod of thoracopods I to V; the epipod of thoracopod VIII female three times longer than the basipod; three smooth setae on the exopod of the female thoracopod VIII; eight spines on the endopod of the uropod and the endopod longer than the sympod, whereas the opposite is typical. Pacificabathynella stanfordi sp. nov. has several unique features: only five setae on the exopod of thoracopods II to VII, while six setae are common in the genus; only six setae on the second segment of the first pleopod; five spines on the endopod and seven setae on the exopod of the uropod. Pacificabathynella ruthae sp. nov. is the largest species and has several unique features: antennule equal in size to the antenna, whereas in the rest of the species of the genus the antenna is larger; the projection of the inner lobe of the male thoracopod VIII is bidentate and there are six spines on the endopod and nine setae on the exopod of the uropod. The three new species have slight differences in the pars molaris of the mandible and in thoracopod VIII of males, and there are other minor differences between the females and the species Pacificabathynella sequoiae. The new taxa, together with the new genus Montanabathynella described separately, represent a 30% increase in North American taxa. Considering the glaciated landscape and the fragmented nature of alluvial aquifer habitat, we believe that there is a profound lack of critical knowledge of the biogeography and biodiversity of syncarids in North America.     

KM小鼠剖腹产手术中福利保障对仔鼠的影响

目的评估KM小鼠剖腹产手术中动物福利保障方案。方法通过在KM小鼠剖腹产手术中采用A、B两组不同动物福利保障方案,观察其对剖产仔鼠只数、10 d存活率、离乳体质量和离乳率的影响。结果 B组较A组仔鼠体质量增大,10 d存活率和离乳率显著提高。结论剖腹产手术中的动物福利保障,可提高仔鼠体质量增长速度、仔鼠存活率和离乳率。