三万年来山西临汾盆地古地理环境的变迁

通过对临汾盆地中一个地层剖面、４个５０ｍ深钻孔中沉积物样品的粒度、粘土矿折、孢粉等第一手资料的分析，详细讨论了该盆地三万年来气候、水文、植被及沉积环境的特征、演变，重建了该盆地晚更新世以来的地理环境。     

柴达木盆地及相邻地区地质构造演化

用板块构造理论对柴达木盆地及相邻地区的地质构造演化进行了论述,并划分出华北板块、塔里木板块、秦祁昆板块与巴颜喀拉-扬子板块四部分,各部分先后于早古生代时期、晚古生代后期及中生代早期由其间发育的深断裂-缝合带相拼接。中新生代时期印度板块向北碰撞、俯冲于西藏板块之下,第三纪中晚期俯冲作用加剧,柴达木地区随着青藏高原整体迅速隆升而陷落,形成了柴达木构造断陷盆地。     

南水北调中线工程与汉江流域生态环境保护

1流域生态环境保护的必要性汉江是万里长江最长的支流,多年平均年径流量大于黄河,其上游是我国南水北调中线工程的水源地区,数年后贮存于丹江口水库的汉江水将流入河南、河北、北京、天津等华北水资源缺乏地区的城市与农村,实现跨流域调水的宏伟蓝图.南水北调是实现我国北方广大区域可持续发展的基础工程[1],是涉及地域广、施工时间长、影响范围大的巨型水资源开发利用项目.我国领导人和专家学者明确指出,南水北调工程必须重视和解决好生态环境问题,以促进我国社会经济的可持续发展[2,3].我国是世界上淡水资源较缺乏的国家之一,受季风气候影…     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段上古生界储集层研究

在鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段上古生界储层地质研究的基础上,通过大量实验分析研究,揭示了本区储集层的孔隙结构特征,划分出高孔渗粗喉型、高孔渗中细喉—中孔渗中细喉型、中孔中低渗细喉型、中低孔低渗细微喉型和中低孔低渗微喉型5个主要孔隙结构类型。认为：溶解、机械压实、压溶、构造应力及重力、沉积物成分、自生矿物是影响孔隙发育的6种主要因素;储层孔渗性的好坏主要受溶孔含量高低的控制;最有利的储集区为桌子山地区,次为盆地内缘部托克旗以北广大地区;最好的储集层为太原组,次为山西组、下石盒子组及上万盒子组下部。     

塔里木河流域水量统一调度自校正模型应用

我国多数流域存在水资源供给不足的问题,全流域水资源统一调度是解决这一问题的重要措施.2000年黄河流域调水引入自适应理论,首次实现了全流域自适应水量调度.塔河流域没有像黄河干流五大水库那样的水量调度大型调节杻纽,全流域水量调度工作难度更大.本文根据模型库思想,综合水文预报、社会经济需水预测、生态需水预测、水量分配和河道径流预报等模型,将自校正技术引入到塔河流域的水量调度工作中,依靠滚动的来水预报数据,动态修正水调目标,开发了塔里木河流域水量统一调度自校正模型.在2004到2005年度的水量调度工作中,将模型结果与现行调度方案进行了对比,实践表明该模型具有更高的灵活性,更能反应水资源的变化.     

The key stage and moment of coalbed gas reservior evolution in the Qinshui Basin,China

The evolution of coalbed gas reservoir is characterized by coalbed gas geochemistry and gas content. On the basis of burial history and thermal history, the forming process of coalbed gas reservoir and the gas accumulative history in the Qinshui Basin are discussed in this paper. The difference of the thermal history, geochemistry characteristic, and gas accumulative history between Yangcheng and Huozhou areas shows that the formation of coalbed gas reservoir in the Qinshui Basin is controlled by the geological process in the critical stage and the critical moment. The components and isotopes of coalbed methane are determined by the stage at which the coal maturation reaches its maximum rank. The coalbed methane accumulative history is related to the temperature and pressure of the coal burial history, because the coalbed gas is mainly in adsorptive state. It is stated that the gas content in the coal seam is controlled by the moment when the coal seam is uplifted to the shallowest position.     

Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Mesozoic basalts from the North China Craton： A case study in Fuxin, Liaoning Province

Occurrence of Cretaceous basalts in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province provides us an opportunity to understand Mesozoic mantle processes beneath the northern margin of the North China Craton (NNCC). Fuxin Jianguo basalts occur as volcanic channel phases with well-developed columnar jointings and contain few spinel lherzolite and pyroxenite xenoliths. They are poor in silica and rich in alkalis, Ti and Al, belonging to alkaline basalts. In trace element compositions, Jianguo basalts are moderately enriched in LREE and LILE, but not depleted in HFSE. They have low Sr and high Nd and Pb isotopic ratios. These geochemical characteristics suggest that Jianguo basalts originated from the depleted asthenosphere, representing an undifferentiated and uncontaminated primitive magma. Presence of these basalts indicates that the lithosphere beneath the region had thickness less than 65 km at the time of basalt eruption and was mainly composed of fertile pargasite-bearing spinel Iherzolite and plagioclase pyroxenite. The voluminous basaltic-andesitic magmatism during the early Jurassic-late Cretaceous time indicates that the commencement and accomplishment of lithosphere thinning in the NNCC was much earlier than that in the southern margin, since the mafic-intermediate volcanism only occurred at the Cretaceous time in the southern margin and the basalts with an asthenosphere isotopic signature at the Tertiary. This shows that highly spatial and temporal heterogeneity existed in the Mesozoic lithosphere evolution.     

重磁震统计推断联合建模反演技术研究与应用

提出了一种新的基于统计推断的重磁震联合反演方法。首先利用重磁差值趋势面进行场源分离 ,以分布独立的断裂系统为单元 ,把反映目标层地震波反射界面深度作为与其对应的重磁异常的二元复合逆函数 ,然后利用已知重磁震资料统计推断其逆函数在空间域上的泰勒级数分布。该方法无须事先对地质模型进行假设 ,避免了反演的多解性。对合肥盆地印度支面构造的反演结果说明了该方法的有效性 ,并成功地编绘了合肥盆地印度支面重磁震联合反演构造图     

辽河东部凹陷茨榆坨低位潜山油气成藏研究

根据潜山区域构造、断层活动期、油气生成期、成藏期的配置关系及断层封闭性特点 ,对辽河东部凹陷茨榆坨低位潜山进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,茨榆坨潜山为一典型的低位潜山构造带 ,其构造形态是一平行型背向传递带 ;储集层为太古界花岗岩 ,储集空间主要为构造裂缝及溶蚀孔隙 ,其发育程度受断层控制。采用原油族组成、类异戊二烯烃和萜烷等地化参数 ,对牛居长滩洼陷和茨榆坨地区的油气进行了油源对比 ,并利用生物标志化合物w(甾烷C2 9ααα2 0S) /w(2 0S +2 0R)和w(C2 9ββ) /w(ββ +αα)、正构烷烃主峰碳数、原油物性等指标 ,对油气运移过程中的运移效应进行了分析 ,确定潜山的油气来自牛居长滩洼陷。对油气运移通道条件与运移过程分析认为 ,茨东、茨西断层控制了油气在潜山内的运移和聚集 ,断层和不整合面是油气运移的良好通道 ,油气向茨榆坨潜山的运聚具有氧化型成藏模式。