Coral reef tanaidacean assemblages along the SW and SE Gulf of Mexico: biodiversity,geographic distribution and community structure

The biodiversity, geographic distribution, and community parameters of the benthic tanaidaceans associated with three coral reefs along the SW and SE Gulf of Mexico were analysed. A total of 15,525 specimens were grouped in 36 species. The highest value of abundance was found in the PNSAV with 6382 tanaidaceans. The PNSAV presented 30 species, the ANPT-L 16 species, and the SABS 17 species. The species with the widest distribution were Pseudonototanais sp., Condrochelia dubia, Leptochelia forresti, Synapseudes sp., Haplopolemius propinquus, Alloleptochelia longimana, and Paradoxapseudes bermudeus. In the Veracruz System Reef, the highest abundance was recorded for Condrochelia dubia and Pseudonototanais sp. The highest value of diversity was obtained in the SABS (3.08 bits/ind in the reef Bajo Diez), and the lowest value was found in the PNSAV (0.07 bits/ind in the reef Isla de Enmedio). The highest value of abundance was found in coral rubble and macroalgae. A significant relationship between depth and specific richness was found in the three reef systems. Using cluster analysis, three groups were found in each system, mainly related to the proximity to the coast and to urban areas. This is one of the first studies to show the specific substrate and attributes of three communities of tanaidaceans along the SE–SW coast of the Gulf of Mexico.     

The first instar larva of Aulacoscelis appendiculata n. sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Aulacoscelinae) and its value in the placement of the Aulacoscelinae

Of all of the chrysomelid subfamilies, only the larvae of the Aulacoscelinae remain undescribed. The adults and first instar larva of Aulacoscelis appendiculata sp. n., from Panama are described, as well as the eggs. Larval characters, eggs, and oviposition behaviour are used to relatethe Aulacoscelinae with other chrysomelid subfamilies, in support of what is known to date concerning adult morphology.     

Diet comparison between rainforest and cave populations of Craugastor alfredi (Anura: Craugastoridae): does diet vary in contrasting habitats?

Information about interpopulational variation of diet is important for thoroughly understanding the ecological niche of a species, the possible attributes that have allowed it to live in different habitats and ecosystems (if it is the case) and the degree of dietary specialization. This study compared dietary composition and diversity, size of prey consumed and feeding intensity between two geographically proximate populations of Craugastor alfredi, inhabiting contrasting habitats: one located in a remnant tropical rainforest and the other population located within a cave entrance, in eastern Mexico. A total of 118 frogs (50 from rainforest and 68 from cave) were stomach-flushed and, from those, 86 had at least one prey item (42 from rainforest and 44 from cave). Consumption proportions of orthopterans differed between habitats, with frogs from the cave having higher importance values of this prey than frogs from the rainforest. Additionally, both dietary diversity and feeding intensity were higher in the rainforest population. It was concluded that the generalized diet of C. alfredi, besides the high consumption of orthopterans by the cave population, may have contributed to its success in cave entrances. Nonetheless, other non-feeding attributes like small body size, direct development and semiarboreality may also facilitate the use of rock crevices in caves for foraging and reproduction.     

Cubitermes subarquatus termitaries as shelters for soil fauna in African rainforests

Most soil fauna in tropical rainforests require a pre-existing shelter for at least part of their life cycles. Among termites and ants, the most frequently encountered taxa, the availability of appropriate nesting sites is a major factor controlling the multiplication of colonies. Work carried out in five forests in southern Cameroon indicates that termitaries of Cubitermes subarquatus, whether active or abandoned, provide shelter for large numbers of invasive invertebrates, particularly ants and other termite species, and may be a determining factor in the patchy distribution of many taxa. Dissections of 90 termitaries (65 active, 25 abandoned) produced a great diversity of invasive fauna, including 354 ant colonies representing 75 species in 31 genera. Ants occurred in all abandoned termitaries but 6·1% of active termitaries had no ants present. Nevertheless, in total active termitaries sheltered more ant colonies (273) than did abandoned ones (81). Every termitary examined also sheltered founding pairs or incipient colonies of alien termites, but active C. subarquatus termitaries yielded fewer mature colonies of alien termites (56·9%) than did abandoned ones (84%).     

郴州市登革热媒介伊蚊种类与季节消长调查研究

目的调查了解郴州市登革热媒介伊蚊种类与季节消长。方法采用诱蚊灯诱蚊法对居民区、公园、医院的蚊虫进行监测，并对监测结果进行分析。结果主要调查到5种蚊虫，分别为淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊和中华按蚊，其中淡色库蚊为优势种，占捕获总数43．79％。从生态观察点共捕获2263只蚊虫，雌雄比例为2．73：1。平均密度为3．49只／（灯·h），不同环境蚊密度为公园〉医院〉居民区。密度呈单峰曲线，7月下旬密度最高，达到7．67只／（灯·h）。结论初步掌握了郴州市蚊虫的种类与季节消长，为防治工作提供了科学依据。     

基于高通量测序技术的阳极生物膜群落结构

利用高通量测序技术对阳极生物膜的微生物群落结构进行了分析.实验结果表明,高通量测序能够高效地获取电化学生物膜的群落结构信息,产电模式菌Geobacter属在生物膜中占据着优势地位,其数量比例达到30%左右,其次的主要菌属为Thermovirga,Thauera和Syntrophorhabdus.对比电化学活性丧失前后的生物膜发现,虽然Geobacter菌属在丧失了电化学活性的生物膜中仍然占据统治地位,但是放线菌门的细菌增长显著,其数量比例远高于正常阳极生物膜的0.5%,有可能是抑制生物膜电化学活性的因素之一.     

浙江嵊泗小洋山岛植物分布特点和环境因子分析

浙江嵊泗小洋山岛发育至今,生物、非生物环境因子起着重要作用.其中,成岛年龄、高程、土壤种类、土壤养分、土壤含盐量、土壤p H值等影响着植物群落的形成、定居与演替.在多年野外调查基础上,以时空跨度,运用PC-ORD生态学多变量分析软件中的典范对应分析(CCA)二维排序方法,阐述了小洋山岛植物群落结构和植物多样性,并对该岛植物群落的演替现状和植被恢复进行了二维排序分析.结果表明:(1)小洋山岛植物群落结构复杂多样有维管植物300种;(2)人们对小洋山岛进行各种建设的同时且先锋植物群正在发生,并为研究分析该岛植被恢复及其整个生态系统提供了基础资料.     

基于POD同工酶对石蒜属种间和石蒜居群间进化关系的研究

对石蒜属(Lycoris)9个种和石蒜(L.radiata)16个居群的POD同工酶酶谱进行了分析和比较.结果表明:(1)石蒜属植物共显示出24条酶带(种间和居群间各12条),其中五条是特征酶带(种间和居群分别为3条和2条).(2)石蒜属9个种可分为两类:一类由具有两型核型结构(V型和I型)的7个种所组成:即中国石蒜L.chinensis、忽地笑L.aurea、长筒石蒜L.longituba、鹿葱L.squamigera、安徽石蒜L.anhuiensis、香石蒜L.incarnata、乳白石蒜L.albiflora;另一类由具单型核型结构(I型)的2个种所组成:即石蒜L.radiata、换锦花L.sprengeri.其中,中国石蒜和忽地笑亲缘关系最近,与形态学和细胞学研究结果相近.(3)石蒜POD同工酶变异比较丰富,与石蒜染色体核型和数量多样性相符.POD同工酶研究显示石蒜居群间遗传距离与地理距离不存在相关性.研究结果表明同工酶变异分析可以作为探讨石蒜属种间亲缘关系和石蒜遗传多样性的有效手段.     

全分集协作系统C-HARQ方案的设计及性能

为了进一步提高全分集协作(FDC)系统的可靠性和有效性,提出了两种协作混合自动请求重传(C-HARQ)方案.定长帧协作混合重传(FFC-HARQ)方案在不改变全分集协作系统原有帧结构的基础上,使用一定的检错重传策略提高系统吞吐量;变长帧协作混合重传(VFC-HARQ)方案则改变原有帧结构,进一步提高系统吞吐量.利用马尔...     

Mitochondrial DNA variation analysis suggests extreme low genetic diversity in Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus brelichi）

Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a unique, endangered primate in China, mainly distributed in Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province, in an area of 275 km2. Recently, habitat loss and fragmentation have caused population isolation. To assess genetic diversity within this species and its population structure, we sequenced 400 bp of the hypervariable I segment from the mitochondrial DNA control region for 128 individuals. Only one haplotype was identified from these individuals. Compared with other primate species, R. brelichi can be regarded as a species with very low genetic diversity, which further adds to the conservation concern.