新疆艾比湖湿地评价及生态恢复对策的研究

艾比湖湿地的生态环境对调蓄洪水、调节气候、维护生物多样性等具有重要的作用。在收集和整理艾比湖湿地科学考察资料的基础上,分析了生态环境特点及其生态功能,对其生态恢复的重点和热点进行了探讨。     

山西湿地野生植物资源研究

山西有着丰富的湿地植物资源,共有维管束植物８３科３０８属６８６种,其中蕨类植物８科１０属１８种,双子叶植物５６科２２３属５０４种,单子叶植物１９科７５属１６４种。按照经济用途,它们可分为７类：（１）药用植物４６种、（２）鞣料植物２０种、（３）淀粉及糖料植物２３种、（４）芳香植物２６种、（５）油料植物１２种、（６）纤维植物２４种和（７）饲用植物９６种。最后,提出了山西湿地植物资源保护利用的对策。     

冀东平原冬小麦超高产育种探讨

根据冀东平原地理位置，冬小麦生长的生态条件，进行了冬小麦起高产育种的研究，建立了以主攻少蘖、大穗、大粒，兼顾抗病、早熟、抗旱、冬性的育种目标。经过多年选育工作，选育出了大穗、大粒、抗病、抗倒的超高型优良品系，为冀东平原冬小麦超高产育种工作奠定了基础。     

鉴湖的形成演变与肖绍平原的环境变迁

本文主要讨论鉴湖的形成与流域内的环境发展变化问题,古鉴湖自全新世早期末至今,由于气候变化,海面升降等影响,曾经历泥炭沼泽、湖泊、泥炭沼泽、湖泊四个阶段。其中前三个阶段主要是受自然环境的变化而演变的,而后一个阶段主要是由于人为因素——筑堤扩大湖泊,围湖造田使湖泊缩小的。     

区域景观格局变化特征及人类影响因素分析--以陕西关中平原地区为例

目的分析区域景观格局及其动态变化特征，揭示人类社会发展对景观格局变化的驱动影响。方法根据关中平原地区1986-2003年土地利用详查数据资料，结合土地利用现状图，利用Mapgis6．6和Lotus1-2—3软件计算关中平原地区4地市景观偏离度、景观多样性和森林景观分离度3个指标及其变化率，并对各地市景观格局指标变化率与各地市人口和城市化增长率做回归分析。结果1986—2003年关中平原地区景观偏离度、景观类型多样性指数呈增长趋势，森林景观分离度呈降低趋势；各地市景观格局指数变化率与其人口和城市化增长率的相关系数R值均超过0．8。结论关中平原地区景观格局变化与人类社会发展速度之间有极明显的相关性，说明关中平原地区人类社会发展是景观演化的主要影响因素，规范土地利用的方式与强度是优化景观格局的有效途径。     

Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain, China —Using Yaluhe farm as an example

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.     

Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain,China—Using Yaluhe farm as an example

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.     

陕西关中地区小麦白粉菌越夏问题的再探讨

入夏期在陕西杨凌室外小气候环境下设置小麦白粉菌越夏试验，人工夏播感白粉病小麦品种7期．结果表明，每播期麦苗均能以病菌无性世代分生孢子形态感染罹病，使白粉病菌顺利越夏．越夏期最热，旬平均气温为31℃、平均湿度为62．55％．从关中秦岭北麓和渭北旱塬麦区病菌越夏带调查分析表明，小麦白粉病菌可以分生孢子形态越夏存活；病菌越夏存活数量的多寡与当地越冬前菌源基础量的关系不大．     

中国中亚热带地区湿地资源面临的问题及对策

中国中亚热带地区湿地资源丰富。目前,该地区湿地资源存在面积缩小、容积锐减、质量下降、结构受损和功能退化等诸多问题。为实现中国亚热带地区湿地资源的保护和可持续利用,必须采取以下对策和措施:一是提高认识;二是加强法制;三是搞好规划;四是重视保护;五是循环利用;六是增加投入;七是强化研究。     

三峡工程的防洪效益与江汉平原产业结构调整设想

江汉平原一直遭受洪水的威胁,三峡工程的修建将大大减少洪水可能带来的直接和间接经济损失。为此,我们提出江汉平原产业结构调整的设想：１）增加农业基础设施投资,发展高效农业;２）培育和建设医药化工、机械电子、食品饮料、纺织服装、建筑建材等支柱产业;３）大力发展第三产业;４）开发地下矿产资源兴建以盐化工为主的化工企业;５）适当发展能耗大的工业。