想象的他者——浅析《还乡》中的尤苔莎

《还乡》是著名作家托马斯.哈代"性格与环境"的代表性悲剧小说。作品成功塑造了尤苔莎这一极富个性特征的女性形象,在资本主义文明的冲击下,她的个人自我身份的认同发生了错误的变化。本文运用拉康的主体理论对尤苔莎的自我身份进行全面的分析。     

Responses of soil respiration in non-growing seasons to environmental factors in a maize agroecosystem,Northeast China

Based on continuous three-year measurements (from 2004 to 2007) of eddy covariance and related environmental factors, envi-ronmental controls on variation in soil respiration (R_s) during non-growing season were explored in a maize agroecosystem in Northeast China. Our results indicated that during non-growing seasons, daily Rs was 1.08–4.08 g CO2 m^–2 d^–1, and the lowest occurred in late November. The average R_s of non-growing season was 456.06 ± 20.01 g CO2 m^–2, accounting for 11% of the gross primary production (GPP) of the growing season. Additionally, at monthly scale, the lowest value of R_s appeared in January or February. From the beginning to the end of non-growing season, daily R_s tended to decrease first, and then increase to the highest. There was a significant quadratic curve relationship between Rs and soil temperature at 10 cm depth when soil temperature was more than 0°C (P<0.001), with the explaining ratio of 38%–70%. When soil water content was more than 0.1 m³ m^–3, soil moisture at 10 cm depth was significantly parabolically correlated with R_s (P<0.001), explaining the rate of 18%–60%. Based on all the data of soil temperature of more than 0°C, a better model for R_s was established by coupling soil temperature and moisture, which could explain the rate of up to 53%–79%. Meanwhile, the standard error of regression estimation between the values of prediction and observation for R_s could reach 2.7%–11.8%. R_s in non-growing season can account for 22.4% of R_s in growing season, indicating that it plays a critical role in assessing the carbon budget in maize agroecosystem, Northeast China.     

己酸丁酯的合成研究

］以正己酸和正丁醇为原料,采用三氟甲烷磺酸酐固体酸作催化剂合成己酸丁酯,考察了影响其反应的多种因素.结果表明,酯化反应的最佳条件为:己酸、正丁醇的物质的量的比为1∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物总量的4.4%,带水剂环己烷3 mL在温度145 ℃回流反应150 min,在该反应条件下酯化率最高可达99.6%     

玉米粉质胚乳突变体的研究进展

玉米是世界上重要的粮食作物,也是植物分子遗传研究的重要模式。通过对玉米的长期研究积累了大量的遗传突变体,其中有一类籽粒突变体被称为粉质（opaque 或floury）胚乳突变体,表现为籽粒硬度和透明度下降。同时,这类突变体中的opaque2 等,被发现能够显著改善玉米籽粒的蛋白营养水平,使得粉质胚乳突变体受到了很大的关注。早年只有少数的粉质胚乳突变体基因被克隆和研究,如opaque2 和floury2 等,被发现与玉米主要的储藏蛋白转录和合成有关。近年来,随着科学技术和研究能力的提高,更多的opaque突变体基因,如opaque1、opaque5、opaque7 等,被克隆和研究,为我们揭示了玉米籽粒中储藏物质的合成、转运等更深入的调控机制,拓展了我们对玉米胚乳发育和代谢的知识。     

基于遥感数据的辽西北地区玉米干旱风险时空动态格局

 归一化差值植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)目前已被国内外广泛应用于干旱的定量识别与监测,它是利用遥感方法获得的一个衡量地表植被生长状态以及植被覆盖度的指标。因此在气象干旱背景下,对干旱时段的NDVI进行计算,建立玉米干旱风险诊断模型,通过作物对干旱的响应表征农业干旱的风险。本文在气象干旱条件下,从玉米对干旱的响应出发,利用NDVI建立玉米干旱风险诊断模型,评估了研究区典型干旱年内典型干旱时段玉米的干旱风险。利用K-Means法将玉米干旱风险分为低风险、中等风险以及高风险3类,运用GIS与RS手段绘制了玉米干旱风险等级图,并对玉米干旱风险的时空格局进行了动态分析。结果表明,在玉米干旱风险时间变化规律上,由于土壤水的影响,玉米干旱风险不能完全与典型干旱年内典型干旱时段的降水距平百分率成反比;从玉米干旱风险空间分布特征来说,受纬度、海拔高度以及防旱抗旱能力的影响,干旱风险表现为南北差异明显。研究玉米干旱风险的时空动态格局,能够为政府部门和田间管理者掌握干旱的发生、发展变化,以及因地制宜地制定防御对策提供科学依据。     

免耕探墒对土壤环境因素和旱地玉米产量的影响

对不同耕作方式下旱地玉米种植的试验结果显示,免耕探墒播种条件下2cm～7cm深处土壤容重较旋耕增加了4．31％,没有达到显著水平;免耕探墒播种降低了地温,提高了0era-20cm深处土壤的水分含量;免耕探墒播种产量为6591．82kg／hm2,较旋耕降低553．36kg／hm2,减产效果没有达到显著水平。由此说明,免耕探墒播种是旱地农业生产中有效的抗旱播种方法。     

HAK基因对玉米的遗传转化及其耐盐性研究

摘要：用农杆菌介导法将高亲和性钾离子转运体基因（HAK）和Bar基因转入5个优良玉米自交系7922、P138、265、238和271中,并对影响其遗传转化效率因素进行了优化．经PCR和RT-PCR检测证实获得阳性植株．除草剂涂抹实验证明Bar基因已经整合进玉米基因组．用不同浓度的盐溶液处理转基因植株和对照植株,发现转基因植株叶片中的K＋含量、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量均高于未转化植株,而Na＋含量低于未转化植株,表明HAK基因已经整合进玉米基因组,并通过过量表达提高了植株的耐盐性．     

葡萄酒香气成分的仪器分析方法评述

葡萄酒香气成分的研究对葡萄酒产品的质量评价及葡萄酒产品的真伪鉴别意义重大,而香气成分的分析结果及其区分价值取决于分析方法,尤其是香气成分的萃取方法。文章综述了近几年葡萄酒香气成分分析方法的研究进展,分析了"电子鼻"等非色谱方法分析葡萄酒香气的特点,阐述了葡萄酒香气成分气相色谱分析的不同检测器方法,比较了影响葡萄酒香气色谱分析结果的不同香气成分萃取方法,并对今后该领域的研究重点进行了展望。     

Ubi1 intron-mediated enhancement of the expression of Bt cry1Ah gene in transgenic maize (Zea mays L.)

The cry1Ah gene was one of novel insecticidal genes cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis isolate BT8. Two plant expression vectors containing cry1Ah gene were constructed. The first intron of maize ubiqutin1 gene was inserted between the maize Ubiquitin promoter and cry1Ah gene in one of the plant expressing vectors (pUUOAH). The two vectors were introduced into maize immature embryonic calli by microprojectile bombardment, and the reproductively plants were acquired. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that foreign genes had been integrated into maize genome and inherited to the next generation stably. The ELISA assay to T1 and T2 generation plants showed that the expression of Cry1Ah protein in the construct containing the ubi1 intron (pUUOAH) was 20% higher than that of the intronless construct (pUOAH). Bioassay results showed that the transgenic maize harboring cry1Ah gene had high resistance to the Asian corn borers and the insecticidal activity of the transgenic maize containing the ubi1 intron was higher than that of the intronless construct. These results indicated that the maize ubi1 intron can enhance the expression of the Bt cry1Ah gene in transgenic maize efficiently     

葡萄酒废弃物营养成分分析及果胶的提取

为确定葡萄酒废弃物中的营养成分,对葡萄酒废弃物中总糖,可溶性糖,蛋白质,维生素C,氨基态氮的含量进行了测定,并利用单因素试验和正交试验对葡萄酒废弃物中果胶的提取条件进行了优化研究。结果表明,葡萄酒废弃物中营养较丰富。果胶的最佳提取条件为：盐酸浓度0．2mol·L^-1,提取时间50min,料液比1：6,脱色时间20min。在最佳提取条件下,果胶的提取率为8．36％。