固化淤泥渗透性的微观分析

淤泥掺入水泥固化后,水化等化学反应生成的水化产物填充了土颗粒间的孔隙,改变了淤泥的微观孔隙结构,从而改变了其渗透特性。使用柔性壁渗透仪测定不同初始含水率及不同的水泥掺量下的固化淤泥的渗透系数,并使用压汞法研究其微观孔隙结构。试验表明:随着水泥掺量的增加、初始含水率降低,固化淤泥的渗透系数逐渐降低;固化淤泥的孔径分布曲线呈单峰分布,定义其峰值对应的孔径为最可几孔径,则随着固化淤泥渗透系数的降低,最可几孔径逐渐减小,即小孔隙数量增多,两者具有良好的相关性。     

基于管沟尺寸的冻胀作用下输油管道应力分析

冻土区土壤因其特殊性易受温度影响,土壤冻胀会使敷设在管沟内的管道翘曲变形。因此,为使有限元分析结果更符合管道敷设在一定管沟尺寸下的实际要求,利用ABAQUS软件建立基于管沟参数的有限元模型,在冻胀作用下分析了管道在不同管沟尺寸参数下的应力分布规律。对比分析了在不同地表温度、管沟坡度、沟底加宽裕量等情况下的管道应力集中现象以及各参数对管道应力峰值的影响。研究表明：管道在冻胀区域与过渡区和非冻胀区会出现应力集中现象,管底冻胀区域中部为高风险失效区,地表温度对管道轴向应力分布影响最显著。管顶最大Von Mises应力在冻胀区域中部且随管沟坡度的增大而增大,过渡区和非冻胀区交界处的最大Von Mises应力随管沟坡度的增大而减小。管沟坡度一定时,过渡区和非冻胀区交界处的Von Mises应力最大,且随沟底加宽裕量的增大而增大。     

黄河下游原阳段沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境分析

为探究现代黄河下游沉积环境演化,在原阳段钻取了两个钻孔岩芯(YHX-1、YHX-2),通过对钻孔沉积物粒度测试与分析,运用沉积物粒度参数、频率曲线与概率累积曲线,结合沉积物岩性及周边钻孔年代信息,划分研究区钻孔地质年代,揭示研究区沉积水动力条件及环境演化历史。结果表明：YHX-1分为7个沉积段,YHX-2钻孔为11个阶段,中更新世时期,两根钻孔以中细砂为主,沉积相以河床亚相为主;晚更新世时期,钻孔经历短暂河漫滩微相,进入漫长的河床相沉积;全新世早期,YHX-1钻孔由湖泊沼泽沉积转变为河漫滩沉积,YHX-2钻孔为河漫滩沉积;全新世晚期,黄河改道流入当今河道,两根钻孔河床沉积相对比分析表明,改道后黄河主河道经历由北向南的变迁过程。     

城市规模分布的分形描述--以山东半岛为例

分形理论是一种从自然或社会现象本身出发研究其内部规律的理论方法,优于传统研究方法对复杂现象进行的简化抽象,更接近于实际．城市规模分布具有分形特征,可以用分形理论来解释其分布的均衡程度及特点,并进一步为区域城市体系的发展提供参考．本文以山东半岛为研究案例,利用分形理论的分维测算方法对城市规模分布进行描述,发现其城市规模分布比较均衡。首位城市不突出,中小城市比较发育,今后应进一步突出大城市的首位作用,稳中有升地发展中小城市．     

城市经济增长的区位模型

将区位选择纳入企业和消费者的最大化分析框架,得到了四个主要结果:企业有向城市商业中心集聚的内在动力;企业职工的工资率随着企业与城市商业中心的距离的增加而减少;距离城市商业中心越远,房地产价格越低;城市的最大规模与单位距离的交通费用负相关,而与人均住房面积和城市商业中心单位面积的房地产价格正相关.     

Reproductive ecology of a Tibetan frog Nanorana parkeri (Anura: Ranidae)

Endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, Nanorana parkeri figures among the highest altitude amphibians in the world. The present work, which was conducted in an alpine marsh at 4300 m altitude, is the first report of the species’ reproductive ecology. The breeding season, as indicated by the presence of amplectant pairs and fresh eggs in ponds, lasted from early Mary to early July. The ratios of adult male to female were 1.3 in hibernation ponds and 2.3 in spawning ones. Males were smaller than females. Amplexus was typically axillary (81.7%), with a few exceptional amplexus in which a male clasped another male or object rather than gravid females. Scramble competition occurred in 6.8% of the normal amplexus located. The body sizes of amplexed couples correlated positively. Deposited eggs were attached to submerged plants solitarily (60.5%) or in small clusters (39.5%), and the scattered arrangement of individual eggs could be a strategy to ensure embryonic development in oxygen-poor environments. Clutch size averaged 189 [standard deviation (SD) = 64], and correlated positively with female body size; egg size averaged 2.18 mm (SD = 0.10), independent of female body size; both traits within a clutch were negatively related with each other even controlling for female body size. Relatively few and large eggs laid by the Tibetan frogs, compared with those by lowland aquatic-spawning anuran species, should be adaptive to the harsh high-altitude conditions. Larvae hatched from eggs after 16.4 days on average (SD = 5.8). Froglets emerged between late July and early August, but some tadpoles were present in winter. These findings may help to understand the evolution of amphibians in extreme environments and to protect these remote species.     

On Size of Unicycle Hypergraphs

1　IntroductionHypergraphsaresetsystemsoffinitesets.Theyarethemostgeneralstructureandplayanimportantroleinthediscretemathematics.Inrecentyears,thecomputerscientistsin-troducedtheconceptofacyclicandcyclichypergraphsandhaveprovedthattheyareim-portantinthedesignofdatabases(see[1,2]).In[3,4],themeet-semilatticeandausefulparameternamedcyclomaticnumberwasintroducedinstudyingthecyclicityofhyper-graphs.Lately,newsystemsofaxiomsforpaths,connectivityandcyclesofhypergraphsareconstructed.Withtheaidofthes…     

“涌现成本”及城市规模研究

城市聚集作用引起的“涌现”现象极大的推动了城市及所在地区的发展。本文在分析城市化过程中出现的“涌现”现象的同时进一步分析了城市因“涌现”而付出的代价,即“涌现”成本,其中包括城市基本成本、社会成本及环境成本,并试图寻找在“涌现”效益与“涌现”成本共同影响下的合理城市规模,通过结合对已有理论成果的研究对城市规模与这二者的关系进行分析找出理论上的合理城市规模。最后得出结论并结合我国城市化现状简要提出有助于我国城市化发展的借鉴性意见。     

徐州城市表层土壤中铁的氧化物、有机质以及粒径组成与磁学参数的关系

通过对徐州城市表层土壤中不同类型铁的氧化物、有机质与粒径组成的分析以及表层土壤的磁学特征的测量,探讨了表层土壤中铁的氧化物、有机质以及不同粒径与磁学参数的关系。结果表明,表层土壤中游离氧化铁和无定形氧化铁与磁学参数χ、SIRM、χARM以及SOFT呈显著正相关,土壤中有机质含量与磁学参数χ、SIRM、χARM以及SOFT呈显著负相关,指示土壤中有机质能溶解磁性物质;表层土壤中的磁性矿物倾向于在细粒子特别是粘土矿物中富集,因此,磁学参数χfd、χARM/χ以及χARM/SIRM可以作为粘土矿物粒径的代用指标。     

Differentiated use of pollen sources by two sympatric species of oil-collecting bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

We identified the food niche breadth of two sympatric species of oil-collecting bees, Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804) and Centris (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith, 1874, based on pollen analyses of larval food. We tested differences in the use of pollen sources considering the anther type and pollen size of the flowers. The species presented a low similarity in the use of pollen sources and C. analis had a wider niche breadth than C. tarsata. Centris analis mainly used Heteropterys spp. and other flowers with non-poricidal anthers. In contrast, C. tarsata commonly used Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil., as well as other flowers with poricidal anthers. Despite the differences in pollen composition of larval food, both species predominantly used medium-sized pollen grains. Although C. analis and C. tarsata are sympatric species, belonging to the same functional group and presenting an overlap in nesting periods, they used different pollen sources, which suggests the occurrence of food niche partitioning.