生态退杨对洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化影响研究

对比“生态退杨”政策实施前后洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化，综合分析洞庭湖区景观格局总体变化特征，为洞庭湖的景观格局优化提供科学依据。     

白洋淀轮虫群落结构及富营养化评价

于2018年5月(春)、8月(夏)和10月(秋)对白洋淀26个采样点轮虫物种组成和群落结构进行了系统调查,测定了水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、水深(WD)、透明度(Tr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)等环境因子,分析了轮虫群落参数与环境因子的关系,综合评价了白洋淀水体富营养化程度.共鉴定出轮虫21属61种,以耐污性种类为主,角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和小多肢轮虫为优势种.各采样点轮虫种数差异较大,最多为20种(聚龙淀),最少仅为6种(大麦淀).轮虫平均丰度和生物量呈现明显的季节变化,秋季最高(3 372 ind./L,0.90 mg/L),夏季其次(1 240 ind./L,0.88 mg/L),春季最低(210 ind./L,0.22 mg/L);轮虫最高丰度为6 930 ind./L(三角淀,秋季),最低仅为2 ind./L(平阳淀,夏季).Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季最高(分别为2.30和0.86).经相关性分析发现,轮虫丰度与DO、WD、Chla、TP呈显著正相关,而与Tr显著负相关;轮虫种数与WD显著正相关,与WT显著负相关.与历史资料相比,白洋淀水质在一定程度有所好转,但仍处于富营养化状态.     

跨界水环境治理的政府间协作机制研究

以跨界水环境治理中政府间协作关系的困境为研究对象,分别从行政分割、法律缺失、治理机制以及财政分担机制不完整等方面探讨了地方政府在跨界流域治理过程中陷入协作困境的原因,并据此提出了建议,即强化政府间认同机制、明确法律保障制度、完善水环境政府治理体制和政府投资机制等。最后以太湖流域为例,结合太湖水环境治理的特点,剖析了其治理现状及困境,提出了该流域政府间协作治理的对策建议。     

铁岭莲花湖湿地生物多样性研究进展

湿地生物多样性对于维持湿地生态功能和生态系统稳定有重要作用,湿地生物多样性研究的深入开展,对生物多样性保护和生态恢复具有重要意义,也为制定可持续利用规划提供可靠依据.简要介绍铁岭莲花湖湿地的自然概况,从植物种类的多样性、动物种类的多样性、植物群落的多样性和生物多样性评价几个方面,对现有研究成果进行评述,并对铁岭莲花湖湿地生物多样性的下一步研究进行展望.     

衡水湖水文化简论

水是源,文化是魂.衡水湖作为京南第一湖,国家级自然保护区和水利风景区,水文化十分丰富,既有水工程、水环境、水景观等物质形态的水文化,又包含水哲学、水法规、水文艺、治水理论和水著作等精神形态的水文化.     

洱海水硫化物及六价铬含量的检测分析

目的:了解洱海水硫化物及六价铬含量。方法:采集洱海20个点的水样对硫化物及六价铬的含量进行检测,分别采用亚甲蓝分光光度法,二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法进行测定。结果按照《地表水环境质量标准进行评价》。结果:硫化物、六价铬合格率为100%。结论:硫化物、六价铬均达到GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》的一类水质。     

瑶湖流域非点源氮、磷负荷估算及其控制对策

利用ArcGIS10.0软件,划分了瑶湖流域的范围,并提取了土地利用类型及其面积,在流域调查的基础上,参考国内外相关研究方法,按照农村与城镇生活污染(A类污染)、畜禽养殖污染(B类污染)、村镇与农业径流污染(C类污染)和水产养殖污染(D类污染)等4种污染来源,估算了瑶湖流域的非点源氮、磷污染负荷。结果表明:入湖氮、磷总负荷分别为346.3 t/a和102.8 t/a;B类污染是氮和磷污染的主要来源,其污染负荷占总负荷的比例分别为73.1%和85.3%;南昌县对B类污染的TN和TP贡献率大于青山湖区;南昌县对A类污染的TN和TP贡献率稍小于青山湖区;对于C类污染,TN贡献率大小为:水田村镇水浇地,TP贡献率大小为:村镇水田水浇地。在此分析基础上,提出了非点源N、P污染负荷控制对策。这为瑶湖流域水污染控制提供了理论依据和数据支撑,同时也为政府制定区域社会经济发展规划提供了决策依据。     

鄱阳湖滨湖区污染控制区划与防治对策研究

实行分区污染控制与管理是开展鄱阳湖滨湖区污染综合防治的有效措施。基于鄱阳湖滨湖区主要污染物来源分析和污染控制区划原则,对鄱阳湖滨湖区的污染控制区划进行了探讨,在各类型污染源分区叠加基础上,确定滨湖区污染控制区划,并根据各分区污染负荷特征提出了相应的分区控制措施。结果表明,鄱阳湖滨湖区主要污染物氮、磷、CODCr和氨氮主要来源于畜禽养殖和城镇生活污染。依据各类型污染源影响,可将鄱阳湖滨湖区划分为工业与生活污染控制区、农业养殖污染控制区和农业种植面源综合整治区。并将各区进一步细分为重点控制区和一般控制区。针对各区污染特征提出了相应的污染控制对策,以期为鄱阳湖滨湖区污染防治工作提供帮助。     

Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

Climatic significance of n-alkanes and their compound-specific dD values from lake surface sediments on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau

The content and hydrogen isotope ratios of n-alkanes extracted from recent lake surface sediments sampled from nine lakes in three different climate zones on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed.Values were compared with n-alkanes in plants from lake drainages,and dD values of meteoric water,lake water,and mean annual precipitation.The results showed that n-C23was predominantly derived from aquatic plants,and n-C27–n-C33from terrestrial higher plants.The average carbon chain length of n-C27–n-C33(ACL27–33)was positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation.dD values of the long-chain n-alkanes n-C29and n-C31of terrestrial origin(varying between-214%and-169%,and-226%and-185%,respectively)were inversely correlated with mean annual precipitation;but in accordance with the average annual variations in dD(OIPC),dD values of n-C31were strongly related to the dD values of growing season meteoric water(R2=0.74).The large difference between dD values of n-C23of aquatic origin and n-C31(an average of about 27%)demonstrates the enrichment of the lake water dD compared to precipitation,caused by strong evaporation in the semiarid–arid areas of the southwestern Tibetan Plateau.Average value of en C25 31=p(-95%)is evidently higher than the value observed in European wet regions(-128%);besides,en C31(about-116%)is constant along the study transect(SD=9),which indicates that n-C31is a useful proxy for the environment.