Galvanic corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy in chloride solution

The galvanic corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy coupled with H62 brass, 316L stainless steel, A3 steel and LY12 aluminum alloy of different areas in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied. The free corrosion potentials, galvanic potentials and currents of these galvanic couples were measured. The galvanic effects were determined by the mass loss and regression method using three points. The results show that: (1) In these four kinds of couples AZ91D acts as the anode, whose galvanic corrosion behavior is mainly controlled by the cathodic polarization; (2) The free corrosion potentials of these four kinds of couples change a liffle with time and cathodic/anodic area ratio (CAAR); (3) The galvanic potential of AZ91D/LY12 moves positively with the increase of time and CAAR; (4) The galvanic currents increase with CAAR, but there is difference in the current change between different couples; (5) The anodic dissolution rate of the magnesium alloy increases by 2-3 orders after being coupled with these four kinds of metals and the galvanic effects of these couples have such a relation as γ_H62>γ_316LS.S>γ_LY12>γ_A3.     

Effects of trace elements on grain boundaries in some superalloys

The effects of trace elements on grain boundaries were investigated by analyzing the feature and composition of the boundary precipitates. The effect of trace elements segregated towards boundaries and the mechanism of interaction were interpreted by an idea of atom misfit. The mechanisms with regard to spheroidizing and degenerating of the precipitates were expounded. For the superalloys studied, the atoms with larger misfit may hinder the atoms with smaller misfit from segregating towards the boundaries and may drive the latter into the lattice(or interstice) inside grains and the boundary precipitates. The reaction of the latter on the former was also studied.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar Nd:YAG laser weldments of AISI4340 and AISI316L steels

This paper presents studies on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 316L stainless steel and AISI 4340 low-alloy steel joints formed by the Nd:YAG laser welding process. The weld microstructures and heat affected zones (HAZs) were investigated. Austenitic microstructures were observed in all of the samples. The sizes of the HAZs changed when the heat input was varied, and the 316L sides exhibited a larger HAZ. The cooling rates were calculated by measuring the solidification dendrite arm spacing. It is shown that high cooling rates lead to an austenitic microstructure. Tensile tests were carried out, and the results revealed the tensile properties of both the base metals and the weldments. The hardness test results agreed well with the tensile test results.     

Film cooling with using the decomposition of an NH3 cooling stream as a chemical heat sink

The inlet temperatures of gas turbines are generally increasing over time,so conventional cooling methods are likely to approach their useful limits.It is therefore essential to investigate novel cooling methods.Based on the theory of heat transfer enhancement,a novel film cooling method for gas turbine blades using a chemical heat sink is proposed.In this method,the endothermic reaction of an NH 3 cooling stream heated by the main gas stream takes place,reducing the convective heat transfer between the mainstream and the blades.Therefore,film cooling effectiveness is improved.To test the feasibility of the proposed method,numerical simulations were conducted,using the classical flat plate with a 30 degree angled cylindrical hole(diameter,D).Film cooling effectiveness at different blowing ratios(M = 0.5,1.0,and 1.5) were computed and compared with the results of conventional cooling methods.The simulation results show that the proposed method can enhance film cooling effectiveness not only in the stream-wise direction,but also in the span-wise direction.The span-averaged film effectiveness is improved in the presence of a chemical heat sink,with the value of X/D(the ratio of downstream distance from the center of the film hole to the diameter of the film hole) increasing downstream of the film hole.The novel film cooling approach showed the best performance at M = 0.5.     

Lianas as structural parasites: A re-evaluation

Lianas are a principal physiognomic component of tropical and subtropical forests and are typically considered to be parasites of trees. In contrast, the substantial contribution of lianas to rainforest leaf litter production (up to 40%) suggests that they play important roles in nutrient cycles and may benefit their host trees. Lianas contribute disproportionately to total forest litter production at least partially because lianas invest relatively little in support structures and proportionately much more to leaf production when compared with trees. In contrast to tree leaves, liana leaves are higher in nutrient concentrations, relatively short-lived, and decompose more rapidly. In addition, the special life form of lianas allows them to grow vertically and horizontally in the forest and relocate nutrients, mainly towards their host trees, through the production of leaf litter. Consequently, lianas may contribute substantially to the high rainforest productivity, and the roles they play in liana/tree associations and rainforest dynamics needs to be re-evaluated.     

超薄高分子材料热管(英文)

热管具有远高于大多数金属的导热性能,已被广泛应用于电子元器件的散热方面.由于电子元器件正朝着微型化、薄型化、片式化和高功率等趋势发展,因此散热元件必须同时具备轻薄和高导热系数的特点.本文介绍了一种由高分子材料制造的超薄热管的设计和制造过程.其厚度为0.30 mm,大小为2 cm×6 cm,输入功率为9.54 W时,有效传热系数为541 W/(m K).管壳材料为kapton薄膜,吸液芯和蒸汽腔均由光阻SU8组成,光阻SU8柱子的大小和柱子之间的间隔差异为吸液芯提供了毛细血力;另外,通过原子层积电镀,SU8光阻和kapton薄膜都覆盖上一层极薄的Ti O2膜,改善了表面和吸液芯的亲水性能,同时实现了密封.     

硬石膏膨胀特性及其湿度应力场膨胀本构模型

硬石膏岩遇水表现出很强的膨胀特性,且由于地下水分布的动态不均匀性,导致围岩不均匀膨胀。以梁忠高速公路礼让隧道中硬石膏岩为研究对象,采用土工固结试验仪,设置不同初始浸泡水量,对硬石膏进行侧限膨胀试验,研究其吸水率、膨胀应变及应力变化规律。结果表明:硬石膏吸水率呈先快后慢型增长,快速增长过程中硬石膏吸收的水主要转化为结晶水,慢速增长阶段,硬石膏内部自由水逐渐增多;硬石膏膨胀应变及膨胀应力随浸泡水量增加而增大,当浸泡水量为硬石膏完全石膏化理论耗水量的1/4时,达到二者增长率明显减小的转折点;硬石膏吸水率具有时间效应,且吸水率与时间呈负指数关系,基于此,结合湿度应力场理论,得到了硬石膏湿度应力场膨胀时变本构。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties,and wear resistance of VC<Subscript>p</Subscript>-reinforced Fe-matrix composites treated by Q&amp;P process

A quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process was applied to vanadium carbide particle (VCp)-reinforced Fe-matrix composites (VC-Fe-MCs) to obtain a multiphase microstructure comprising VC, V₈C₇, M₃C, α-Fe, and γ-Fe. The effects of the austenitizing temperature and the quenching temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of the VC-Fe-MCs were studied. The results show that the size of the carbide became coarse and that the shape of some particles began to transform from diffused graininess into a chrysanthemum-shaped structure with increasing austenitizing temperature. The microhardness decreased with increasing austenitizing temperature but substantially increased after wear testing compared with the microhardness before wear testing; the microhardness values improved by 20.0% ±2.5%. Retained austenite enhanced the impact toughness and promoted the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect to improve wear resistance under certain load conditions.     

保护渣对连铸二冷水中氟含量的影响

调查了使用不同氟含量保护渣时连铸二冷水中F-质量浓度的变化,并在实验室研究了保护渣组分及保护渣在水中的浸泡时间对水浸液中F-质量浓度的影响. 研究结果表明,A厂使用低氟保护渣,二冷水中F-质量浓度增幅为1.2～24.3mg*L-1,水样呈中性;B厂使用高氟保护渣,二冷水中F-质量浓度增幅为57.9*#mg*L-1,水样呈酸性. 保护渣中氟含量越高,保护渣在水中的浸泡时间越长,渣中氟向水中的转移量就越多. 控制保护渣中氟不超过2%,有利于减弱保护渣氟的浸出对二冷水的危害. 在研究的组成范围内,碱度CaO/SiO2和Li2O对渣中氟的浸出无明显影响. 增加保护渣中B2O3含量,有利于降低保护渣中氟在二冷水中的浸出.