Effect of superplastic deformation on precipitation behavior of sigma phase in 3207 duplex stainless steel

Owing to excellent strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, duplex stainless steels(DSS) are widely used in constructional and petrochemical applications. Sigma phase, which has detrimental impact on the properties, is readily precipitated during hot working of DSS. However, precipitation behavior of sigma phase during superplastic deformation, which is the most significant processing method of DSS, is still unclear. In the current study,the effect of superplastic deformation on the precipitation behavior of sigma phase was investigated in 3207 duplex stainless steel. The result shows that superplastic deformation could prevent sigma phase precipitation generally by increasing mobility of grain boundaries and decreasing misorientation of the sigma phase boundaries, resulting in some sigma phase precipitated on the twin boundaries. Most of the sigma phase precipitated on ferrite-austenite interface with misorientation of 20–25°, while it precipitated in ferrite or austenite with the misorientation of 40°–45°. The orientation relationship between sigma phase and matrix matched well in austenite and on the ferrite/austenite interfaces, while it showed a small misfit in ferrite. The prevention effect of the superplastic deformation on the sigma phase precipitation was beneficial to quasi stable deformation stage,resulting in longer elongation.     

Hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle decay mechanism of palladium nanoparticle decorated nitrogen doped graphene

As a hydrogen storage material, palladium nanoparticle decorated nitrogen doped graphene (Pd/N-rGO) has drawn much attention owing to its high absorption capacity at moderate conditions. However, its hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle performance, which is essential for their practical application, has been rarely studied. In this paper, a simple and convenient high temperature thermal reduction method was used to synthesize nitrogen-doped graphene decorated with Pd nanoparticles (Pd/N-rGO). Taken it as a representative, the hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle performance of Pd/N-rGO was investigated. The results showed that after three cycles the hydrogen storage capacity dropped from 2.9 ​wt% to 0.8 ​wt% at 25 ​°C and 4 ​MPa pressure. It was found that the palladium nanoparticles shed from Pd/N-RGO sheet after cycle performance test, and then agglomerated. These phenomena will weaken the hydrogen spillover effect, leading to the decrease of hydrogen storage capacity. Meanwhile, decreased defects reduce the hydrogen absorption sites, which will thus deteriorate the hydrogen storage capacity.     

玛咖多糖的提取条件及体外活性研究

优化玛咖多糖的提取条件,并通过体外实验对其抗氧化活性和降血脂功效进行研究。采用超声波辅助热水浸提并结合响应面法对玛咖多糖提取条件进行优化,通过自由基清除率评价玛咖多糖的抗氧化活性,基于玛咖多糖与胆酸钠的结合能力评价其降血脂功效。在提取温度50℃,提取时间42min,超声功率220W,料液比(g/mL)1∶32的条件下,多糖提取率达到最高11.0%。将玛咖粗多糖通过离子交换柱分离得到3个多糖组分,分别为玛咖多糖1、玛咖多糖2和玛咖多糖3。其中玛咖粗多糖、玛咖多糖1和玛咖多糖2具有较强的抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基的较佳清除率分别为83.9%、81.8%和63.7%,对羟基自由基的较佳清除率分别为73.3%、56.8%和76.7%。此外,玛咖多糖3在体外对牛磺胆酸钠和甘氨胆酸钠的结合率分别为49.1%和32.3%。研究表明,玛咖粗多糖、玛咖多糖1和玛咖多糖2具有较好的抗氧化活性,玛咖多糖3具有一定的降血脂功效。     

低功率激光作用下的热透镜效应

采用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5软件构建的模型研究了透镜焦距变化与激光功率变化的关系,利用理论分析设计实验方案并确定热透镜焦距计算公式.通过实验探究了低功率激光作用下的热透镜效应,实现了低功率激光作用下热透镜效应的可视化,测得酱油透镜为热凹透镜;使用刀口法测量激光半径,得到热凹透镜的焦距,实验相对误差为3.6%;以焦距为热透镜效应的强度参照量,得到热透镜效应的强度与光功率呈正相关关系.     

房价对城镇居民消费升级的影响

本研究基于2008~2019年全国35个大中城市的面板数据,利用固定效应模型和分位数回归模型分析了房价对居民消费升级的影响,并在此基础上分析了不同收入水平城市房价影响消费的异质性。结果显示：房价上涨显著挤出了城镇居民发展享受型消费,且城市居民发展享受型消费支出占比越高,挤出效应越大,不利于居民消费升级,尤其对高收入水平城市影响较大。消费升级是促进国内大循环、推进国内国际双循环新发展格局的重要环节和内容,房价对居民消费升级的影响不容忽视。     

煤中掺混生物质混烧的热重分析及动力学特性

松木屑作为一种废弃的生物质资源,如能将其回收与煤粉掺混后作为锅炉燃料燃烧将具有重大的意义。利用热重分析仪研究了印尼煤与松木屑不同掺混比例(0%、15%、30%、45%、100%)对煤粉燃烧特性的影响,并计算出各掺混不同比例生物质下的动力学参数。结果表明:煤粉中掺混不同比例的松木屑燃烧后其着火温度提高,燃尽温度降低,综合燃烧特性指数降低;在掺混比例为15%时对煤的燃烧特性曲线影响不大,所以掺混15%的生物质是最合理的。随着生物质掺混比例的增加其活化能减少,频率因子降低,在掺混比例为15%时活化能最小,再增加比例后其活化能变化不大。不同掺混比例下反应活化能和频率因子之间存在动力学补偿效应。     

考虑层理、加载速率与尺寸效应的页岩裂纹扩展机理试验研究

分析裂纹扩展演化机理是认识井壁坍塌失稳的关键,尤其是层理和脆性特征显著的页岩地层,伴有节理与微裂隙发育,研究其裂纹扩展演化机制对于确定钻井导向、钻速及井眼尺寸更显重要。为此利用材料试验机开展了考虑层理倾角、加载速率与试件尺寸的页岩裂纹扩展演化试验研究。结果表明页岩层理平行于载荷时,裂纹沿层理呈张性破坏。层理倾角由0°~30°时,裂纹扩展形态由张性破坏向剪切破坏转变;当层理与轴向应力呈30°倾角时,剪切破坏最为明显,裂纹的平均扩展速率最大,且抗压强度最小;层理倾角由30°~90°时,裂纹由剪切破坏;逐渐转向张性破坏,当层理与轴向载荷垂直时,试件裂纹切割层理片层发生张性破坏。随加载率的增加,页岩峰值应力增大,裂纹长度逐渐减小,但加载速率越小,破坏后的页岩越为碎裂;在侧向尺寸不变的条件下,试件高度越大,越呈现张性破坏,主裂纹越长,且破碎后的页岩越呈现片状。     

种衣剂处理对油菜蚜虫控制效应的研究

研究表明种衣剂处理对油菜植株高度的影响集中表现在播种后１５～３５、５０～７０天两个增长高峰期；对茎粗、叶面积的影响以播种后３０～７０天增长尤为明显。对油菜蚜虫的控制效应表现在种群死亡率增大、若虫期发育历期加大，成虫寿命、产仔率明显降低。采用种衣剂和４０％甲基异柳磷混合处理，可有效地控制苗期蚜虫的危害，在花期配合喷施４０％甲基异柳磷，其保产效果可高达１９．７４％。     

FFT方法谱估计时应考虑的误差

讨论了ＦＥＴ应用过程中的Ａ／Ｄ转换量化误差，频谱混迭现象，频谱能量的泄漏以及频谱的栅栏效应等主要误差对分析结果的影响。提出了各种情况下可能采取的措施，供有关工程技术人员参考。     

城市生活垃圾应积极推行垃圾综合管理(IWM)模式

介绍了欧美正在推行的垃圾综合管理(IWM)模式，并通过生命周期分析和经济分析，证明IWM较其他垃圾单独处理方式在环境影响和经济效益上的优越性。