汾河流域降水量及蒸发量的空间变异性分析研究

借助于地质统计学方法对汾河流域的多年平均降雨量和蒸发量的空间变异性进行了分析,揭示了多年平均降水量和蒸发量的空间变异特征,并应用Kriging方法进行空间插值.分析结果表明,汾河流域多年平均降水量和蒸发量在不同的分割距离范围内有不同的空间相关性,多年平均降水量具有比较明显的地带性,蒸发量分布变化地带性不强.     

湘江长沙段枯水期水位变化及其影响研究

湘江是长沙的母亲河,长沙的发展得利于湘江的恩泽.但近几年来,湘江年年出现特枯水位,特别是2007年以来,长沙站最低水位逼近25.1米的供水警戒线.以湘江2010-2011年度枯水期长沙段水位变化为重点进行分析,并把多年来长沙站出现的最低水位与近几年出现的情况进行比较分析,得出近年来湘江长沙段枯水期的水位变化趋势.最后分析了湘江长沙段枯水期水位走低的各种影响.     

“九龄风度”的内涵与启示

"九龄风度"记载着张九龄历史功绩、刚直气节和政治远见;"九龄风度"的内涵包括才华超群、远见卓识、心系天下安危、为国家尽责、对百姓尽心而笑看生死的风采,以及洒脱豁达、刚直不阿、敢言直谏却淡泊谦让的气度。张九龄以蕴藉、超逸、高雅的文采开山水田园诗文之先河而被推崇为当时的文坛领袖。他超逸、高雅的文学内涵丰富了"九龄风度"。倡议藉"九龄风度"弘扬客家文化,凝聚世界"客家商",促进韶关经济发展。     

A new species of Himalayapotamon Pretzmann, 1966 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) marking the westernmost distribution of the genus,with notes on its geographical range evolution

ABSTRACT

We describe a new species of freshwater crab, Himalayapotamon robertsianum sp. nov. from Punjab province of Pakistan, based on morphological characters of the carapace and the first gonopod. The new species demarcates the westernmost distribution limit of the genus. Additionally, we analysed partial sequences of the 16S rRNA locus for some species of the genus Himalayapotamon (p-distances, Bayesian phylogenetical inference), indicating that Himalayapotamon separates into an eastern and a western clade. Based on these results, we propose a biogeographical scenario that can explain the occurrence of the genera Himalayapotamon and Potamon within the same river system: we assume an ancestral widespread distribution of Himalayapotamon in the palaeo-Ganges. When drainage rearrangement diverted the western tributaries of the Ganges into the Indus since the latest Miocene, Himalayapotamon diverged into two clades. Consequently, the western clade is now sharing the Indus drainage with Potamon.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:80B52E6C-0120-4669-A6B0-9F0DA5918EE3     

新“港口——腹地”文化模型：广西南流江流域文明史的再发现

受群山限制,局促在一种＂马刺型＂（冂）地理区间的南流江水域,历经＂腹地（桂东南）——港口（北部湾）＂间的长期互动,在岭南旧有的＂腹地（西江）——港口（广州）＂文化发展模式之外,营造了独具一格的南流江本土文化。特别是,在南方稻作文化、佛教来华、妈祖入桂、移民实边与民族融合等多方面,南流江流域文明发展史并没有做成＂西江文明史＂的一个附属分支;相反,南流江流域文明史恰好就是＂中华文明多元一体格局＂在岭南地区的深度演绎。目前,它又是构建＂北部湾文化＂必不可缺的有机部件,更是推进广西现代化进程赖以探寻的＂区域文化力＂。     

Sedimentation processes and sedimentary characteristics of tidal bores along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary

A tidal bore is a unique Earth surface process, characterized by its highly destructive energy, predictable periodicities and magni-tudes, and the production of characteristic sedimentary features. Tidal bores and associated rapid flood flows are highly turbulent flows of the upper-flow regime with a velocity over several meters per second. Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, respectively, are larger than 104 and 1.0, making them significantly different from regular tidal flows but analogous to turbidity currents. Until now, understanding of tidal-bore depositional processes and products has been limited because of the difficulty and hazards involved with gauging tidal bores directly. The Qiantang bore is known as the largest breaking bore in the world. Field surveys were carried out in May 2010, along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary to observe the occurrence of peak bores, including regular observations of current, water level and turbidity at the main channel. Several short cores were sampled on the intertidal flats to study the characteristic sedimentary features of tidal bores. Hydrodynamic and sedimentological studies show that the processes of sediment resuspension, transport and deposition are controlled primarily by the tidal bores, and the subsequent abruptly accelerated and decelerated flood flows, which only account for one tenth of each semidiurnal tidal cycle in the estuary. Tidal-bore deposits are generally poorly sorted because of rapid sedimentation after highly mixed suspension by intense turbulence. This behavior is characteristic of the absence of tractive-current depositional components in a C-M diagram. It also goes along with well-developed massive bedding, graded bedding, basal erosion structures, convolute bedding and dewatering structures. Together, these sedimentary features can constitute fingerprinting of turbidites, widely distributed in the deep-water environment. However, a tidal bore is triggered by intensely deformed tidal waves propagating into a shallow-water environment, which returns to regular tidal flows rapidly after the passage of the bore head. The tidal-bore deposits are usually bounded by the intertidal-flat deposits with typical tidal beddings at the top and on both flanks. The difference between tidal-bore deposits (TBD) and tidal sandy/muddy deposits (TSD/TMD) is evident not only in sedimentary structures, but also in the grain-size composition. They can be clearly distinguished in grain-size bivariate plots, typically the plot of mean grain size vs. standard deviation (or sorting). Some trend variations generally exist in mean grain size with TBD>TSD>TMD, sorting with TMD>TBD>TSD (larger value indicating poorer sorting), and both skewness and kurtosis with TSD>TBD>TMD. These findings will undoubtedly shed new light on our understanding of tidal-bore sedimentology, ancient tidal-bore sedimentary facies and environments, and related oil-and-gas field prospecting.     

汾河下游防洪工程施工措施

通过对堤防、控导工程施工中各阶段要点的分析,提出了施工质量过程控制的措施。     

嘉陵江鲿科鱼类骨学研究（Ⅲ）─—头骨的比较

对从嘉陵江合川至北碚段收集的４属１１种科鱼类脊头骨作了系统的比较研究。结果表明，属、黄颡鱼属、拟属和属在下颞骨的有无，嗅神经孔和舌颌骨与颅骨关节面的构成，泪骨的形态，上枕骨嵴的长短及其与背鳍第一辐鳍骨的关系，颅骨的比例性状等方面具有一分明显的属间差异，头骨形态亦可作为种间分类的重要依据之一。     

盘锦地区苇塘及河口鱼类调查

盘锦地区位于辽东半岛东南部,水源丰富,池塘泡沼、水库星罗棋布,适于渔业发展,特别是我省重要河流——辽河在此入海,所以河口及洄游鱼类尤多,我们在野外工作中收集了55种标本,隶属11目24科,观察了生境分布,对盘锦地区水利资源的综合利用有一定意义。