武术运动员年龄变化与关节运动幅度变化的关系初探

目的:武术是一项要求人体关节活动幅度较大的运动,了解少年武术运动员随年龄的自然增长,专项训练对人体五大关节主动活动幅度的影响,可以为少年武术运动员的科学选材、训练,提供理论依据,也能为运动人体科学学科建设积累资料.方法:采用形态学测量方法,通过四年的追踪调查以及与对照组的比较,研究武术运动员年龄变化与关节运动幅度变化的关系.结果:1.年龄在12至15岁之间的少年武术运动员五大关节主动活动幅度的变化与年龄自然的增长无明显关系.2.少年武术运动员髋、膝、踝三大关节比成年运动员的主动活动幅度大.3.无论少年还是成年武术运动员髋、踝两大关节主动活动幅度均较普通成人的活动幅度大.结论:1.在12—15岁之间,武术运动员五大关节多数运动的主动活动幅度的变化与年龄自然的增长无明显关系,在此期间进行训练,对增加关节的主动运动幅度均十分有利.2.随着年龄的增长,对下肢部分关节某些方向的灵活性影响比较明显,训练中应注意抓紧青少年时期的柔韧素质训练.3.长期的武术专项训练可以有效地改善关节的灵活性.     

小型拱坝抗滑稳定及坝体应力分析

拱坝坝肩岩体稳定是拱坝安全的根本保证,当拱坝坝肩岩体存在软弱结构面或坝肩岩体较软弱时,两岸坝肩岩体应进行抗滑稳定计算,且由于地质情况原因,有时需对坝肩体型进行局部修改,可能对坝身应力产生较大影响。文章主要介绍采用刚体极限平衡法计算坝肩稳定、拱梁分载法计算坝体应力的设计情况及坝端局部修改后坝身应力变化情况,为中低型拱坝的坝肩岩体稳定计算及坝身应力分析提供参考。     

论《呼兰河传》叙述视角的迁移与渗透

《呼兰河传》随追忆情感的深浅,叙述视角不断迁移:全知视角——儿童视角——儿童视角 全知视角——儿童视角——全知视角 儿童视角——追忆者视角,形成画面或歌谣的凝固;文本展开中叙述视角相互渗透:追忆者视角渗入全知视角、儿童视角,儿童视角渗入全知视角,使文本散文化、歌谣化。     

Dating and genesis of the upper Weihe River terraces in Longxi basin,China

Seven terraces along the Weihe River in Longxi basin have been investigated. These terraces all consist of archetypal duality in structure, namely the floodplain deposits and the layer of gravels overlaid by varying thickness of the loess. By resorting to various dating approaches such as palaeomagnetic, optically stimulated luminescenece (OSL), 14C and loess-paleosol sequence, we provide preliminary timing of these seven terraces along upper Weihe River. Analysis on sedimentation characteristics and dating of these terraces showed that seven terraces may be jointly generated by tectonic uplifts and climatic changes. Tectonic uplifts may accommodate initial river incision, and climatic change may be responsible for processes of subsequent channel widening and aggradation. Aggradation normally occurs during glacial periods, in contrast to down-cuttings during transitions from glacial to interglacial period. Moreover, on the basis of the timings and heights of these terraces, we infer that the long-term rate of river incision was determined to be 0.2 m/kyr during the last 870 kyr, which differs from other river incision rates. This discrepancy may reflect spatio-temporal differentiation of tectonic activities in the Qinling orogenic belt during the Pleistocene.     

Water-vapor source shift of Xinjiang region during the recent twenty years

The aim of this paper is to investigate the climate water-vapor sources of Xinjiang region and their shifts during the past 20 years. First, the principle and steps are roughly regulated to seek the water-vapor sources. Second, the climate stationary water-vapor transport in troposphere is calculated to distinguish where the water vapor comes from by ERA-40 reanalysis. In addition, the collocation between the transport and the atmospheric column water vapor content is analyzed. The results show that the major vapor comes from the west side of Xinjiang for mid-month of seasons, apart from July while the water vapor comes from the north or northwest direction. The water vapor sources are different for different seasons, for example, the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in January and April, the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in July, and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in October, respectively. In recent ten years more water vapor above Xinjiang comes from the high latitudes and the Arctic sea with global warming, and less from Mediterranean in comparison with the case of 1973—1986. In fact, the air over subtropics becomes dry and the anomalous water vapor transport direction turns to west or southwest during 1987—2000. By contrast, the air over middle and high latitudes is warmer and wetter than 14 years ago.     

瑶族民间法的变迁及启示

瑶族民间法经历了从旧石牌制到新石牌制的变迁,两者都是适应解决纠纷,维护瑶民正常的生产生活秩序的需要而产生,在内容上存在不少相似之处,但产生的社会背景各不相同,在内容形式上、实施手段和处罚措施上也存在差异。瑶族民间法的变迁启示我们,民间法是调整少数民族地区农村社会秩序,构建和谐社会的重要规范之一;新时期进行社会主义法治建设,要充分重视和引导民间法与国家法的对接和沟通。     

人民币均衡实际汇率测度与准确性检验

我国在经济转轨过程中,汇率体制改革和政策调整会使人民币汇率的数据生成过程发生结构突变。在发展中国家均衡实际汇率模型的基础上,建立了基于结构突变的人民币均衡实际汇率模型,通过考察国际收支差额与汇率失调的关系,检验了测算结果的准确性。实证结果显示,在考虑结构突变的情况下,多数基本经济要素变量与人民币实际有效汇率存在显著的长期均衡关系,人民币汇率在2002年以后确实存在一定程度的低估。现实汇率的失调对国际收支平衡的影响非常显著。     

社会心理学中关于社会态度改变的研究述评

对社会态度改变的研究是社会心理学的一个重要课题。关于社会态度改变的研究主要包括学习理论及其研究、信息理论及其研究、社会判断理论及其研究、认知理论及其研究、功能理论及其研究和态度改变三阶段理论。     

Rainfall spectrum change in North China and its possible mechanism

The seasonal distribution of the rainfall in North China has changed greatly since 1977, with more rainfall in spring and less in July, August, and September (JAS). Wavelet analysis showed that the JAS rainfall underwent an abrupt spectrum change in the mid-1960s. Its interannual variability has declined while the interdecadal component has become the dominant mode, associated with the dry climate. Correlation analysis found that the JAS rainfall is negatively correlated with the departures of the 500 hPa geopotential height significantly over the northwest and southwest of China, and positively correlated with the suer monsoon over eastern China. Therefore, the interdecadal ascending of the air pressure in northwestern China and the monsoon decaying over East Asia in the past 20 years may be the two major causes of North China drought.     

一种GIS中不规则曲线数字化的精度评定方法

通过分析GIS中曲线数字化的特征点与非特征点的性质,提出用曲率变化比较法建立由特征点组成的数学模型,分别对特征点进行拟合,并与其数字化的值比较,以此来分析GIS中不规则曲线数字化的精度。根据试验结果,得出不规则曲线数字化中误差为±0.28～±0.35mm,符合对手扶数字化线状目标的理论分析和模拟试验的±0.24～±0.32mm的结果。