江汉盆地白垩系沉积相与沉积演化

在对江汉盆地露头剖面野外实测、钻井及分析化验资料综合研究的基础上,运用层序地层学、沉积学和测井地质学原理,识别了白垩系层序及沉积相类型、沉积特征。研究表明, 受燕山期幕式构造运动的影响,白垩系可划分为两个构造层序,主要发育冲积扇、辫状河、辫状河三角洲和氧化型湖泊四种主要沉积相类型;早白垩世,由于拉张断陷强度较弱,仅在盆地边缘断裂前缘的局部地区发育一套粒度较粗的冲积扇-辫状河砂砾岩沉积;至晚白垩世,在区域引张力的作用下盆地整体拉伸断陷,从盆缘往盆内方向依次发育冲积扇—辫状河—三角洲—氧化型湖泊沉积,构成一个自下而上粒度由粗变细的沉积序列。     

A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin

Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable of supporting a large aerodynamic surface. Here we report on a new maniraptoran dinosaur, Anchiornis huxleyi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen collected from lacustrine deposits of uncertain age in western Liaoning, China. With an estimated mass of 110 grams, Anchiornis is the smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. It exhibits some wrist features indicative of high mobility, presaging the wing-folding mechanisms seen in more derived birds and suggesting rapid evolution of the carpus. Otherwise, Anchiornis is intermediate in general morphology between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, particularly with regard to relative forelimb length and thickness, and represents a transitional step toward the avian condition. In contrast with some recent comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, our phylogenetic analysis incorporates subtle morphological variations and recovers a conventional result supporting the monophyly of Avialae. Supported by Hundred Talents Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40125006, 40472018), and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806400)     

巴音都兰凹陷烃源岩有机地球化学特征

针对巴音都兰凹陷烃源岩研究程度较低的实际情况,应用有机地球化学方法研究了它的有机地球化学特征。结果表明：巴音都兰凹陷下白垩统腾格尔组和阿尔善组织烃源岩厚度大,有机质丰度高,为好的烃源岩;其烃源岩类型以腐值－腐泥型为主,类型较好;基保,下部烃源岩已处于成熟阶段,镜质体反射率普遍小于０．８０％,处于低成熟阶段。认为巴音都兰凹陷具有良好的生油条件,是一个有找油前景的凹陷。     

Dinosaur eggs and dinosaur egg-bearing deposits （Upper Cretaceous） of Henan Province, China： Occurrences, palaeoenvironments, taphonomy and preservation

The Upper Cretaceous dinosaur egg-bearing deposits in Henan Province, central China are divided into three formations in ascending order: Gaogou, Majiacun and Sigou. The Gaogou Formation belongs to alluvial fan deposits containing the fossil dinosaur egg assemblage of Faveoloolithus, Dendroolithus, Dictyoolithus, Paraspheroolithus and Longiteresoolithus. The Majiacun Formation is interpreted as braided stream to meandering stream deposits with assemblage of Ovaloolithus,Paraspheroolithus,Placoolithus,Dendroolithus,Prismatoolithus, rare Youngoolithus and Nanhiungoolithus. The Sigou Formation is shallow lacustrine/palustrine to low-sinuosity river sedimentary rocks with assemblage of Macroolithus,Elongatoolithus, Ovaloolithus and Paraspheroolithus.To date, 37 oospecies, 13 oogenera and 8 oofamilies of dinosaur eggs have been distinguished. Autochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the floodplain deposits, whereas allochthonous and parautochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the alluvial fans. This suggests that river floodplains are the best environments for the preservation of numerous autochthonous dinosaur eggs. The preservation of most dinosaur eggs in brown to red calcic palaeosoils, muddy siltstones or mudstones suggests that the paleoclimate of the nesting area was semiarid. The presence of gray and green mudstone and coal layers, however, indicates that there existed an ephemeral subhumid climate during the middle and Late Cretaceous. It is suggested that such a climate was favorable for the development of meandering streams in a vegetated environment.     

安哥拉宽扎盆地白垩系油气成藏条件及勘探潜力

以安哥拉宽扎盆地的构造演化、沉积充填特征研究为基础,重点开展了宽扎盆地的盐上和盐下构造单元划分及盆地油气成藏基本条件研究,系统总结了宽扎盆地的白垩系油气成藏模式,指出了有利勘探区。宽扎盆地经历了裂谷阶段、过渡阶段和被动陆缘阶段的构造沉积演化阶段,不同的构造演化控制着宽扎盆地的盐上、盐下构造单元变化及生储盖条件的变化,形成了盐下自生自储运聚成藏模式和盐上下生上储跨越式运聚成藏模式。宽扎盆地临近大西洋枢纽带以西及附近深海的盐下地垒（高地）与盐岩分布厚盐区的叠置区域是盐下油气聚集的有利区带,其勘探潜力大。宽扎盆地盐上Albian阶碳酸盐岩及砂岩发育的盆地近海区域是盐上有利勘探区。     

松辽盆地西部斜坡大岗地区白垩系油砂储层成因类型及其影响因素

 松辽盆地西部斜坡油砂资源丰富,其形成与松辽盆地的形成、构造演化、地层沉积以及油气聚集都有密切关系。本文利用钻井、岩石薄片、物性测试数据等资料,对该区储层岩石学与沉积学、孔渗等特征进行了深入分析。结果表明,西部斜坡油砂储层主要分为2种类型：分别为三角洲前缘水下分流河道高孔高渗储层和河口坝高孔中渗储层。该区储层岩性主要为细粒岩屑砂岩,储层孔隙类型以原生粒间孔为主,储层岩石具有成分成熟度偏低、结构成熟度中等的特点。其主要受沉积相带、断层和成岩作用的影响。沉积相带和成岩作用起决定性作用,而断层只在局部起控制作用。     

强敏感性低渗透储层的改造模拟实验初探

准噶尔盆地北三台地区白垩系储层中低渗透储层占73.11%,储层中粘土矿物以蒙脱石及无序伊/蒙混层矿物为主,高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石整体含量较低,但局部富集。室内敏感性实验分析表明：研究区低渗透储层具有敏感性复杂、多种敏感性共存的特征,敏感性尤以水敏最强,是造成主力油层低产、无产的直接原因。酸敏实验表明：常规土酸酸化不能有效改善研究区的储层物性,也不能有效降低储层水敏性。针对研究区储层具体特征,筛选配制了配方为8% 盐酸+2% 醋酸+2% 氟化铵+1.5% 粘土稳定剂A+2% 铁离子稳定剂TLJ 的复合解堵液。模拟地层温度、压力条件,进行了水敏样品的解堵改造实验和原样提高渗透率实验,结果表明：对于蒙脱石及伊/蒙混层矿物相对含量高、绿泥石相对含量低的储层,该复合解堵液具有较好的解堵效果和物性改良作用。     

浙江武义白垩纪盆地萤石矿液运移趋势与规律

浙江省武义构造一火山沉积盆地特定的演化规律，决定着萤石矿（点）床的集中产出与时、空分布。该文进一步从成矿年龄、温度、元素和矿石结构、构造等特征的变化规律，揭示了盆地含矿热流体由北东向南西的运移趋势与规律，为武义盆地隐伏－半隐伏萤石矿（床）体的寻找与预测提供信息与依据。     

合肥盆地白垩纪伸展构造格局

合肥盆地早白垩世演化过程长期存在争议.利用最新的油气勘探地震资料,系统分析了盆地内主要断层及其东缘的郯庐断裂伸展活动在地震剖面上的构造表现,并在此基础上论述了合肥盆地东部白垩系朱巷组、响导铺组、张桥组的断裂-沉积响应.结合同位素年代学资料综合分析认为,合肥盆地伸展活动的起始时间为早白垩世中期,持续至古近纪末.同时采用2DMOVE模拟软件对断层的分析也支持了这一认识.该时期合肥盆地呈现复合式断陷构造格局,盆地东西部受北北东向郯庐断裂带与吴集断裂的伸展作用控制,出现了北北东向的半地堑式断陷盆地.同时,盆地北界及内部近东西向南倾断裂(寿县-定远断裂、肥中断裂、肥西-韩摆渡断裂)的伸展活动,又控制出现了近东西向、北断南超的半地堑式盆地,总体上为复合断陷盆地,其伸展活动发生在华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的背景下,与太平洋板块高角度俯冲有关.     

西藏革吉县赛利普地区捷嘎组地层古生物及沉积环境

在西藏革吉县赛利普地区测制了多条捷嘎组剖面,详细描述了阿母弄勒捷嘎组剖面,首次将区内捷嘎组细分为两个岩性段,讨论了捷嘎组的岩性组合特征及横向变化规律.在捷嘎组内建立了一个圆笠虫生物组合带和一个腹足类生物组合带,确定捷嘎组的时代为早白垩世阿普特晚期至阿尔布期.认为赛利普地区捷嘎组从早到晚空间上由北向南火山活动趋于强烈,出现了偶发火山碳酸盐台地→间歇火山碳酸盐台地→火山爆发-溢流相的空间变化规律.