Paleomagnetic data from Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of West Liaoning: Evidence for intracontinental rotation

Detailed rock magnetic studies of 55 lavas from Yixian and Fuxin area, West Liaoning, show the primary carriers of remanence to be pseudo-single domain titanomagnetite. K/Ar dating indicates that the volcanic sequence spans 93 to 133 Ma. Stepwise thermal demagnetization successfully isolated well-defined characteristic magnetization (ChRM) in all lavas thermal-treated above 250℃. The mean paleodirections are D/I = 5.9°/58.8° (α95 = 2.9°) and D/I =179.2°/-59.9° (α95 = 5.2°) for 27 normally magnetized flows and 28 reversibly magnetized flows, respectively. It indicates that since the Early Cretaceous there is no significant horizontal movement and rotation between the Yixian-Fuxin area and Eurasia. However, Korea Peninsula may have undergone a clockwise rotation of 33.9° relative to the Yixian-Fuxin area during the Cretaceous. On the basis of characteristics of hotspot origins (core-mantle boundary or upper mantle), the clockwise rotation of Korea Peninsula relative to Eurasia is assumed to be mainly caused by an extensional force in the crust of eastern China, which was corresponding to intensive surface volcanic activities in this area.     

渤海湾盆地剥蚀量恢复中的综合分析法

利用地震层速度法、镜质体反射率法、声波时差法、地质外推法等 ,确定渤海湾盆地中生界的剥蚀量 ,并建立起初步的埋藏史曲线 ,然后应用磷灰石裂变径迹长度分析技术 ,选定澳大利亚扇形模型 ,沿可能性最大的几种不同地质概念热史路径 ,对渤海湾盆地临清坳陷西部Q 5井等的白垩统地层的磷灰石裂变径迹长度分布进行了数值模拟 .通过与实测磷灰石裂变径迹长度分布的比较 ,确定了该井合理的、精确的地质演化历史 .模拟研究结果表明 ,Q 5井在距今 70Ma时 ,白垩系地层达到其演化历史上的最大埋深 (35 0 0m) ;之后发生构造抬升并遭受剥蚀 ,下白垩系地层的最大剥蚀量为 95 0m ,上白垩系地层的最大剥蚀量为 15 70m .研究过程证明 ,多种方法结合 ,比单纯用磷灰石裂变径迹热史分析法得出的结论可靠 .     

山东侏罗 - 白垩纪地层划分与对比

山东中生代地层主要发育侏罗系和白垩系,沂沭断裂带以西的鲁西南、鲁中、鲁北地区发育侏罗纪至早白垩世地层,而断裂带以东的鲁东地区主要发育白垩纪地层。用古生物、火成岩年代分析结果对山东侏罗白垩系地层进行了划分和对比。将沂沭断裂带以西的坊子组归于早中侏罗世,三台组归于中侏罗世,分水岭组暂归于晚侏罗世至早白垩世,西洼组归于早白垩世;将沂沭断裂带以东的莱阳组和青山组归于早白垩世,王氏组归于晚白垩世。     

银额盆地天草凹陷下白垩统储层特征及影响

天草凹陷下白垩统储层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩为主,岩屑含量高,长石次之,石英含量最低,成分成熟度和结构成熟度低,胶结物主要为方解石,次为泥质.储层的孔隙类型有粒间充填剩余孔、次生孔隙、晶间微孔及微裂缝,以次生孔隙为主.孔隙度集中在3%～15%内,渗透率以小于1×10-3 μm2为主,属于低孔特低渗储层,孔隙和喉道的配置关系较差,喉道较细,产出能力较低,但在局部层段发育孔隙结构较好的中高渗储层.沉积相、碎屑组成、压实作用、碳酸盐胶结作用以及方解石、长石和岩屑等的溶蚀对储层性能有重要影响.     

安哥拉宽扎盆地白垩系油气成藏条件及勘探潜力

以安哥拉宽扎盆地的构造演化、沉积充填特征研究为基础,重点开展了宽扎盆地的盐上和盐下构造单元划分及盆地油气成藏基本条件研究,系统总结了宽扎盆地的白垩系油气成藏模式,指出了有利勘探区。宽扎盆地经历了裂谷阶段、过渡阶段和被动陆缘阶段的构造沉积演化阶段,不同的构造演化控制着宽扎盆地的盐上、盐下构造单元变化及生储盖条件的变化,形成了盐下自生自储运聚成藏模式和盐上下生上储跨越式运聚成藏模式。宽扎盆地临近大西洋枢纽带以西及附近深海的盐下地垒（高地）与盐岩分布厚盐区的叠置区域是盐下油气聚集的有利区带,其勘探潜力大。宽扎盆地盐上Albian阶碳酸盐岩及砂岩发育的盆地近海区域是盐上有利勘探区。     

松辽盆地西部斜坡大岗地区白垩系油砂储层成因类型及其影响因素

 松辽盆地西部斜坡油砂资源丰富,其形成与松辽盆地的形成、构造演化、地层沉积以及油气聚集都有密切关系。本文利用钻井、岩石薄片、物性测试数据等资料,对该区储层岩石学与沉积学、孔渗等特征进行了深入分析。结果表明,西部斜坡油砂储层主要分为2种类型：分别为三角洲前缘水下分流河道高孔高渗储层和河口坝高孔中渗储层。该区储层岩性主要为细粒岩屑砂岩,储层孔隙类型以原生粒间孔为主,储层岩石具有成分成熟度偏低、结构成熟度中等的特点。其主要受沉积相带、断层和成岩作用的影响。沉积相带和成岩作用起决定性作用,而断层只在局部起控制作用。     

强敏感性低渗透储层的改造模拟实验初探

准噶尔盆地北三台地区白垩系储层中低渗透储层占73.11%,储层中粘土矿物以蒙脱石及无序伊/蒙混层矿物为主,高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石整体含量较低,但局部富集。室内敏感性实验分析表明：研究区低渗透储层具有敏感性复杂、多种敏感性共存的特征,敏感性尤以水敏最强,是造成主力油层低产、无产的直接原因。酸敏实验表明：常规土酸酸化不能有效改善研究区的储层物性,也不能有效降低储层水敏性。针对研究区储层具体特征,筛选配制了配方为8% 盐酸+2% 醋酸+2% 氟化铵+1.5% 粘土稳定剂A+2% 铁离子稳定剂TLJ 的复合解堵液。模拟地层温度、压力条件,进行了水敏样品的解堵改造实验和原样提高渗透率实验,结果表明：对于蒙脱石及伊/蒙混层矿物相对含量高、绿泥石相对含量低的储层,该复合解堵液具有较好的解堵效果和物性改良作用。     

查干凹陷下白垩统碎屑岩储层特征

储层的物性特征是储油能力和产油能力的直接反映。通过岩心观察、测井资料及铸体薄片、物性和压汞等资料分析,认为查干凹陷下白垩统碎屑岩储层成分成熟度及结构成熟度均低,胶结作用强烈,储集空间孔、缝类型多样,排驱压力低,喉道分选较差,饱和度中值压力比较高,最大喉道半径比较大;但是平均喉道半径小,主要是特小孔微细喉。研究区发育5套油层,储层综合评价显示银根组最好,苏二段较好,以Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层为主;苏一段,巴二段次之,以Ⅲ类储层为主;巴一段最差,以Ⅳ类储层为主。     

A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin

Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable of supporting a large aerodynamic surface. Here we report on a new maniraptoran dinosaur, Anchiornis huxleyi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen collected from lacustrine deposits of uncertain age in western Liaoning, China. With an estimated mass of 110 grams, Anchiornis is the smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. It exhibits some wrist features indicative of high mobility, presaging the wing-folding mechanisms seen in more derived birds and suggesting rapid evolution of the carpus. Otherwise, Anchiornis is intermediate in general morphology between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, particularly with regard to relative forelimb length and thickness, and represents a transitional step toward the avian condition. In contrast with some recent comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, our phylogenetic analysis incorporates subtle morphological variations and recovers a conventional result supporting the monophyly of Avialae. Supported by Hundred Talents Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40125006, 40472018), and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806400)     

Dinosaur eggs and dinosaur egg-bearing deposits （Upper Cretaceous） of Henan Province, China： Occurrences, palaeoenvironments, taphonomy and preservation

The Upper Cretaceous dinosaur egg-bearing deposits in Henan Province, central China are divided into three formations in ascending order: Gaogou, Majiacun and Sigou. The Gaogou Formation belongs to alluvial fan deposits containing the fossil dinosaur egg assemblage of Faveoloolithus, Dendroolithus, Dictyoolithus, Paraspheroolithus and Longiteresoolithus. The Majiacun Formation is interpreted as braided stream to meandering stream deposits with assemblage of Ovaloolithus,Paraspheroolithus,Placoolithus,Dendroolithus,Prismatoolithus, rare Youngoolithus and Nanhiungoolithus. The Sigou Formation is shallow lacustrine/palustrine to low-sinuosity river sedimentary rocks with assemblage of Macroolithus,Elongatoolithus, Ovaloolithus and Paraspheroolithus.To date, 37 oospecies, 13 oogenera and 8 oofamilies of dinosaur eggs have been distinguished. Autochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the floodplain deposits, whereas allochthonous and parautochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the alluvial fans. This suggests that river floodplains are the best environments for the preservation of numerous autochthonous dinosaur eggs. The preservation of most dinosaur eggs in brown to red calcic palaeosoils, muddy siltstones or mudstones suggests that the paleoclimate of the nesting area was semiarid. The presence of gray and green mudstone and coal layers, however, indicates that there existed an ephemeral subhumid climate during the middle and Late Cretaceous. It is suggested that such a climate was favorable for the development of meandering streams in a vegetated environment.