藻粉中叶黄素提取工艺的优化

采用酶提取法对藻粉中叶黄素提取工艺进行研究,实验分别考察了不同提取剂、不同种类酶、酶的使用量、酶解时间及搅拌时间对叶黄素提取的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,选取影响较大的3个因素采用L9(33)正交实验考察对叶黄素提取的影响,以叶黄素提取量为指标,确定了最佳工艺条件:酶液添加量为5mL,酶解时间2.5h,磁力搅拌时间2.5h,此条件下叶黄素最佳提取量为2.18mg/g。     

不同磷浓度和曝气方式对淡水藻类生长的影响

通过室内模拟的方法研究了不同磷浓度的水体中不同曝气条件对藻类生长的影响.试验设置低磷(LP,0.02 mg/L),中磷(MP,0.10 mg/L)和高磷(HP,1.65 mg/L)3个水平,每种浓度下分别设置不曝气、昼间曝气和夜间曝气3个处理工况.结果显示:外源性磷的增加对藻类的增殖有促进作用,而过高的磷含量的输入(TP=1.65 mg/L),并没有更好地促进藻类的生长;曝气对藻类的生长有着不同的影响,在中磷和高磷中昼间曝气可以加快藻类的生长周期,在低磷中昼间曝气对藻类生长周期的影响不大,而夜间曝气对藻类生长有明显的抑制作用.     

贵州百里杜鹃国家森林公园藻类植物初步调查

通过对贵州百里杜鹃林2007年5月的藻类植物初步鉴定,共检出藻类植物61种(含变种及变型),分属4门,6纲,14目,24科,34属。其中蓝藻有30种,占总种数的44.12%,其次是硅藻,有22种占36.07%,表明百里杜鹃林藻类植物以蓝藻和硅藻的种类居多;水生环境中的种类以硅藻占多数,亚气生环境中以蓝藻种类占多数。但在树皮上形成优势种常为绿藻中的土生绿球藻。土生绿球藻、小球藻、颗粒粘球藻、铜绿粘球藻、瑞士色球藻等是构成地衣的常见种类。     

温室水培条件下集球藻生长特性和细胞结构特征

以从荒漠土壤结皮中分离的集球藻为材料,在温室条件下研究液体培养集球藻细胞生长特性和细胞形态结构的变化.结果表明:在静置水培条件下,集球藻的生长活性较低,叶绿素a含量和叶绿素a荧光活性增长缓慢;生长发育过程中集球藻细胞形态结构呈现阶段性变化特征,在生长后期和衰老期有大量脂肪体和淀粉粒的积累以及细胞器结构的解体和消失.     

山东沿海潮间带底栖海藻的主要种类及其生境和分布

对山东近海的自然条件及潮间带底栖澡类植物的主要种类及其生境和分布状况等问题作概要的报告和分析．     

深圳福田红树林区藻类群落结构和生态学研究

对深圳福田红树林５个分布区的藻类种群、群落结构及生态学进行研究，得出其藻类种类数依次为２７，３７，５３，３２和３４，藻类密度依次为７６４８００，２２４０００，１０６２０００，３７４４００和２３８７６００个／Ｌ．下沙中藻类出现种类最多；保护区藻类密度最高，达超富营养水平。每区均以硅藻门藻类为绝对优势种类．此外尚有裸藻门及蓝藻门、绿藻门、隐藻门、金藻门出现．每个样区藻类的种群、群落构成有其特殊性，和藻类本身特性及浮游动物有较大关系．较高的藻类种群数量使红树林区具有极大的原初生产力而且有助于稳定红树林湿地的生态功能     

The structure of scytonemin,an ultraviolet sunscreen pigment from the sheaths of cyanobacteria

Despite knowledge of the existence of the pigment called scytonemin for over 100 years, its structure has remained unsolved until now. This pigment, the first shown to be an effective, photo-stable ultraviolet shield in prokaryotes, is a novel dimeric molecule (molec. wt. 544) of indolic and phenolic subunits and is known only from the sheaths enclosing the cells of cyanobacteria. It is probable that scytonemin is formed from a condensation of tryptophan-and phenylpropanoid-derived subunits. The linkage between these units is unique among natural products and this novel ring structure is here termed the scytoneman skeleton. Scytonemin absorbs strongly and broadly in the spectral region 325–425 nm (UV-A-violet-blue, with an in vivo maximum at 370 nm). However, there is also major absorption in the UV-C ( _max=250nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm). The pigment has been recently shown to provide significant protection to cyanobacteria against damage by ultraviolet radiation. The pigment occurs in all phylogenetic lines of sheathed cyanobacteria and possibly represents a UV screening strategy far more ancient than that of plant flavonoids and animal melanins. How diverse organisms deal with UV radiation is considered of vital importance to global ecology.     

水库水的藻毒素污染调查及产毒藻株的分离鉴定

通过对水库水进行定期采样,测定水样富营养化控制因子、叶绿素a和藻毒素的含量,了解水库水微囊藻毒素(MCLR)的污染状况、季节性变化规律以及分离鉴定释放毒素的产毒藻株,以期探讨引起藻毒素污染的内外原因.实验结果表明,在监测的8个月内水库水都检出MCLR,其变化规律与总氮、总磷和叶绿素a的含量呈现正相关,同时受水温变化幅度影响,4月和10月正是春秋两季季节交替的变温期,此时藻毒素含量明显高于其它月份,为藻毒素污染的暴增期;同时分离出5株产毒藻,其中1株为优势藻株,初步鉴定为微囊藻,产毒MCLR,是引起水库水MCLR污染的优势藻.     

Characteristic and mechanism of inactivating algae with O3 and ClO2

Both O3 and ClO2 have a high effect on inactivating-algae in source water with no forming THMs which do harm to human in producing drinking water, so they will be favorably substituted for Cl2. In order to make certain of the mechanism of inactivating algae with O3 and ClO2, the algal cell number change and its different characteristics of figures and structures in treated and untreated water have been studied by the microscopy and SEM and the mode of inactivating algae has been inferred. The results show that the mechanism of inactivating algae by O3 is not completely identical with that by ClO2. The actual reaction process and efficiency have been controlled by many factors, such as the different characteristics of oxidants and algal cells.     

铁盐类混凝剂去除水中藻类生物的研究

通过用自制聚硅硫酸铁、聚硅氯化铁、聚合氯化铁铝等高效混凝剂对武汉三个典型湖水进行了混凝除藻实验，发现聚合氯化铁铝除藻效果最好，其中叶绿素浓度为200--300μg/L的湖泊水去除率可达99．8％，加入助凝剂和氧化剂后，去除率明显提高。还对其进行了后续过滤实验。