地壳演化和变形的非线性动力学:1模型和数值模拟方法

综合考虑多因素和多过程间的耦合与反馈作用,建立了地壳演化与变形的综合的非线性动力学模型.通过建立岩石结构动力学将变形与岩性耦合起来;采用递增应力流变学方法将弹性、塑性、断裂变形结合并与流体和化学耦合起来.采用有限元和改进的Lagrangian方法求解动力学方程组,编写了模拟程序.应用该模型和程序可对不同尺度区域的地壳演化和变形的动力学过程进行1-3维数值模拟,并可应用于很多相关领域的研究.     

Cementing mechanism of algal crusts from desert area

34-, 17-, 4-, 1.5-year old natural algal crusts were collected from Shapotou Scientific Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-day old field and greenhouse artificial algal crusts were in situ developed in the same sandy soil and the same place (37°27′N, 104°57′E). Their different cohesions both against wind force and pressure were measured respectively by a sandy wind-tunnel experiment and a penetrometer. On the basis of these algal crusts, the cementing mechanism was revealed from many subjects and different levels. The results showed that in the indoor artificial crusts with the weakest cohesion bunchy algal filaments were distributed in the surface of the crusts, produced few extracellular polymers (EPS), the binding capacity of the crusts just accomplished by mechanical bundle of algal filaments. For field crusts, most filaments grew toward the deeper layers of algal crusts, secreted much more EPS, and when organic matter content was more than 2.4 times of chlorophyll a, overmuch organic matter (primarily is EPS) began to gather onto the surface of the crusts and formed an organic layer in the relatively lower micro-area, and this made the crust cohesion increase 2.5 times. When the organic layer adsorbed and intercepted amounts of dusts, soil particles and sand grains scattered down from wind, it changed gradually into an inorganic layer in which inorganic matter dominated, and this made the crusts cohesion further enhanced 2–6 times. For crust-building species Microcoleus vaginatus, 88.5% of EPS were the acidic components, 78% were the acidic proteglycan of 380 kD. The uronic acid content accounted for 8% of proteglycan, and their free carboxyls were important sites of binding with metal cations from surrounding matrix.     

基性麻粒岩半脆性域剪切带形成机制的实验研究

在温度为８００～９００℃，围压为１ＧＰａ的条件下对基性麻粒岩进行了压缩变形实验。样品变形处于半脆性域，以出现非破裂的准韧性剪切带为特征。提出了剪切带是由样品的原始缺陷向外稳态扩展而形成的机制，可用稍加改变的流变介质断裂力学原理对这种扩展过程进行说明；并将此机制推广到剪切带的形成中。     

华北地台太古代高级变质地体中的金矿化

很多人认为太古代地体中没有绿岩带就不可能有金矿化,但华北地台上一些高级变质地体中也发现了一系列大中型金矿.本文讨论了高级变质地体中产生金矿化的可能性,初步总结了此类金矿的成矿地质特征,并将其与典型绿岩带型金矿进行了对化,发现了它们之间存在一系列区别。本文并对产生之些区别的原因进行了初步探讨。     

渭河断陷盆地区域应力形变场的数值模拟研究

根据渭河盆地的地应力测量资料,结合震源机制解,采用有限单元法反演了渭河盆地区域构造应力与形变场。讨论了区域内应力场和应变能密度分布的基本特征及其与历史地震活动的关系。在此基础上,采用西源流变模型对应力-形变场随时间的变化作了粘弹塑性有限元模拟。     

广东平远花岗岩风化壳及其稀土成矿特征

以竹细塘和神背岩体为例，研究燕山晚期黑云母花岗岩的风化壳及其稀土成太特征。结果表明：风化壳剖面发育层状结构，自下而上，碎屑矿物减少，粘土矿物含量增加，活动组分（Ｋ２Ｏ，Ｎａ２Ｏ，ＣａＯ）减少，稳定组分（Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＯ２）增加，风化壳中稀土分布总体上保持原岩特征，但各风化壳层中铈负异常均增加，铕和负异常消失乃至出现正异常；全风化壳的中下部稀土最为富集，稀土分布型式也变化最大；在全风化     

秦岭造山带佛坪地区花岗岩类的特征及其意义

通过岩石学和地球化学研究，认为佛坪地区花岗岩类可分为两种不同的成因类型：深熔混合岩化型和陆壳重熔型。它们具有截然不同的野外地质特征和稀土元素地球化学特征，反映造山带不同演化阶段的构造热事件。深熔混合岩化小岩体与晋宁期南秦岭强烈变质变形密切相关；大面积出露的陆壳重熔型岩体则是主造山期地慢上涌引起的垂向加积构造演化的物质反映，对佛坪穹窿的形成和穹窿中心基底结晶杂岩的抬升剥露有重要意义．     

福建同安郭山高岭土矿床微观矿物成因信息

通过对风化残余型高岭土矿床的形成机理和物质成分特征的研究，试图从微观矿物和矿物的 微观特征的角度提供其成因信息。