本土化视域下影视字幕翻译策略研究

字幕翻译应通过对源语信息进行浓缩、简化、省略等减译处理,给观众提供通俗易懂、简洁流畅且符合人物个性的字幕语言,让观众迅速准确地明白剧情。翻译的难度在于文化信息的转换,翻译时应尽力保留源语独特的表达方法,诸如词语、比喻、典故、人名等应直译,以体现源语及其文化的瑰丽;不得已时,再采用意译,以达到与源语功能的对等。意译时,可采用适度的娱乐化改写或本土化策略。     

Giving up on convergence and autonomy: Why the theories of psychology and neuroscience are codependent as well as irreconcilable

There is a long-standing debate in the philosophy of mind and philosophy of science regarding how best to interpret the relationship between neuroscience and psychology. It has traditionally been argued that either the two domains will evolve and change over time until they converge on a single unified account of human behaviour, or else that they will continue to work in isolation given that they identify properties and states that exist autonomously from one another (due to the multiple-realizability of psychological states). In this paper, I argue that progress in psychology and neuroscience is contingent on the fact that both of these positions are false. Contra the convergence position, I argue that the theories of psychology and the theories of neuroscience are scientifically valuable as representational tools precisely because they cannot be integrated into a single account. However, contra the autonomy position, I propose that the theories of psychology and neuroscience are deeply dependent on one another for further refinement and improvement. In this respect, there is an irreconcilable codependence between psychology and neuroscience that is necessary for both domains to improve and progress. The two domains are forever linked while simultaneously being unable to integrate.     

测试代价敏感的粗糙集方法

在粗糙集模型中,α量化不可分辨关系是强与弱不可分辨关系的推广形式.然而值得注意的是,基于这三种不可分辨关系的粗糙集并未考虑数据中属性的测试代价.为解决这一问题,提出了测试代价敏感的α量化粗糙集模型,从二元关系的角度使得粗糙集模型代价敏感,并将新模型与基于强不可分辨、弱不可分辨以及传统α量化不可分辨关系的粗糙集模型进行了对比分析.进一步地,通过分析传统启发式算法在求解约简的过程中未考虑降低代价这一不足之处,提出一种新的属性适应性函数,并将其应用于基于遗传算法的约简求解中.实验结果表明该方法不仅可以降低由边界域所带来的不确定性而且同时降低了约简后的测试代价.     

Revisiting Targeted Factors

This paper proposes new methods for ‘targeting’ factors estimated from a big dataset. We suggest that forecasts of economic variables can be improved by tuning factor estimates: (i) so that they are both more relevant for a specific target variable; and (ii) so that variables with considerable idiosyncratic noise are down‐weighted prior to factor estimation. Existing targeted factor methodologies are limited to estimating the factors with only one of these two objectives in mind. We therefore combine these ideas by providing new weighted principal components analysis (PCA) procedures and a targeted generalized PCA (TGPCA) procedure. These methods offer a flexible combination of both types of targeting that is new to the literature. We illustrate this empirically by forecasting a range of US macroeconomic variables, finding that our combined approach yields important improvements over competing methods, consistently surviving elimination in the model confidence set procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用自定义阈值的计算奇异扰动在构建二甲醚简化机理上的应用

将自定义误差阈值的计算奇异扰动(CSP)应用于包含55种物质和290步反应的二甲醚的详细机理上，构建了包含26种物质和20步反应的简化机理.开发了一套基于该算法的计算机程序--I-CSP.程序的输入数据包括:① 详细的反应机理；② 在Chemkin中计算的结果；③ 准稳态物质的数量.然后,将简化机理在均匀的反应器(包括自燃反应器和完全搅拌器)中进行验证.结果发现，计算结果与详细机理相比符合得相当好; 但当在非均匀反应器(一维、稳态、自由扩展预混合火焰)中验证时，结果显示出一定偏差.     

冰晶石熔盐介质中铝热还原-熔盐电解二氧化硅

讨论了铝热还原二氧化硅的热力学条件,热力学计算结果表明铝热还原二氧化硅的反应在热力学上可行.差示扫描量热法分析结果表明,铝热还原二氧化硅反应的表观活化能为697.5 k J/mol,反应级数为3.7.在冰晶石熔盐介质中铝热还原二氧化硅,可得到含8.56%硅的铝硅合金及富氧化铝的冰晶石熔盐;使用惰性阳极电解分离后的富氧化铝的冰晶石熔盐,可得到含94.01%铝的铝硅合金及氧气,硅的回收率为83.43%.     

基于气基直接还原-熔分的硼铁矿高效利用新工艺

实验室条件下,以含硼铁精矿为原料制备氧化球团,对含硼铁精矿气基竖炉直接还原-电炉熔分新工艺进行了研究.结果表明,含硼铁精矿是良好的造球原料,1 200℃下焙烧20 min后,成品球团抗压强度可达2 500 N以上,满足气基竖炉直接还原工艺要求.在H2与CO体积比大于2/5且温度在850~1 000℃条件下,含硼铁精矿氧化球团还原率达到95%的时间为15~60 min,还原膨胀率不高于15%.在高温下电热熔化DRI后硼和铁可以高效分离,硼、铁收得率均可达到98%以上,富硼渣中B2O3的质量分数在21%以上,活性可达89%左右,是"一步法"生产硼酸的优良原料.含硼铁精矿气基竖炉直接还原电炉熔分新工艺可以实现硼铁高效分离和清洁利用.     

一种基于属性相关性度量的朴素贝叶斯分类模型

本文通过分析属性相关性的度量和属性约简,提出一种基于属性相关性度量的朴素贝叶斯分类模型EANBC。实验结果表明,与朴素贝叶斯分类模型相比,EANBC分类模型具有较高的分类正确率。     

基于规则的神经网络在模式分类中的应用

针对模式分类任务,提出一种基于粗糙集规则的神经网络构造方法.首先,利用粗糙集理论和遗传算法约简输入特征,在尽量保持分类能力不变的情况下降低条件属性维数,并推导出简练的分类规则集合.然后,以规则集为基础构造BP神经网络结构、确定网络层数、输入输出节点数等,并计算规则的条件属性重要度和依赖度2个参数对连接权值进行初始化.最后,通过一个实例验证了方法的有效性,结果表明该方法能有效解决传统神经网络构造难、解释难、过拟合等问题,提高了分类精度,降低了训练时间.此外,初步探讨了网络训练时对知识提炼的影响.     

负载型钼氧化物催化剂NH3选择性催化还原NOx

通过浸渍法制备了Mo/TiO2,Mn-Mo/TiO2和Mo-Mn/TiO2三种催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、拉曼光谱(LRS)、原位红外(in situ FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术进行相关的微观表征分析.在模拟氨气选择性催化还原NO的反应条件下(NH3-SCR)对催化剂的脱硝反应...