固态存储雨量器观测资料的误差分析

通过对JDZ—1型固态存储雨量器与虹吸式自记雨量计对比观测资料的计算与分析，找出了产生误差的原因，提出了对JDZ—1型固态存储雨量器进行调试的方法。     

Interannual variation of North China rainfall in rainy season and SSTs in the equatorial eastern Pacific

The rainfall in North China during rainy season （July and August （JA）） exhibits a strong interannual variability. In this study, the atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies associated with the interannual variation of JA North China rainfall are examined. It is found that on the interannual timescale, the JA North China rainfall is associated with significant SST anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and the North China rainfall and SST anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific correspond to the similar variation of the upper-level westerly jet stream over East Asia. A possible mechanism is proposed for the influence of the SST anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific on the North China rainfall.     

Significance and dynamics of drip water responding to rainfall in four caves of Guizhou, China

In rainy season, NaCI is adopted to trace sources of cave drip water, time scales of drip water responding to precipitation, and processes of water dynamics in four caves of Pearl watershed in Guizhou, China (Liangfeng cave in Libo, Qixing cave in Duyun, Jiangjun cave in Anshun and Xiniu cave in Zhenning). Because of the variety of karst cave surroundings, interconnections of water transporting ways, water dynamics processes etc., time scales of drip-water in four caves responding to rainfall is 0——40 d. According to the characteristics of water transport in cave roof, pathways of water movement, types of water head etc., drip water of four caves can be divided into five hydrodynamics types. The differences of time scales, and ways of water-soil and water-rock interaction during water transporting in cave roof make it difficult to correctly measure speleothem record and trace material sources. In addition, there exist great differences in water dynamic conditions among the four caves. So the interpretation of the paleoenvironment records of speleothem must be supported by the understanding of hydrodynamics conditions of different drip sites. Based on the data got from drip sites in four caves, drip conductivity accords with precipitation, which indicates that element contents in speleothem formed by drip water record the change of karst paleoenvironment. But results of multi-points study are needed to guarantee the correctness of interpretation.     

Origin of summer monsoon rainfall identified by δ18O in precipitation

A negative correlation between δ^18O in monsoon precipitation and f, the ratio of precipitable water in monsoon region to that in water source area, is hypothesized. Using the Rayleigh model, a new method for identifying origin of summer monsoon rainfall is developed based on the hypothesis. In order to validate the method, the isotopic data at New Delhi, a typical station in the southwest monsoon region, and Hong Kong, a typical station in the southeast monsoon region, were collected and analyzed for case studies. The case studies indicate that the water source areas of the monsoon rairdall at the two stations identified by the method are accordant with the general atmosphere circulation patterns. The method developed in this paper is significantly important for tracing the origin of summer monsoon precipitation.     

Abrupt climate change of EastAsian Monsoon at 130 kaBP inferred from a high resolu-tion stalagmite δ18O record

^230Th ages and oxygen isotope data of a stalagmite from Shanbao Cave in Hubei Province characterize the East Asian Monsoon precipitation from 133 to 127ka. The decadal-scale high-resolution δ^18O record reveals a detailed transitional process from the Penultimate Glaciation to the Last Interglaciation. As established with ^230Th dates, the age of the Termination Ⅱ is determined to be 129.5±1.0 kaBP, which supports the Northern Hemisphere insolation as the triggers for the ice-age cycles. In our δ^18O record, the glacial/interglacial fluctuation reaches about 4‰, almost the same level as in other Asian Monsoon cave stalagmite δ^18O records. The transition of the glacial/interglacial period in our record can be recognized as four stepwise stages, among which, a rapid rise of monsoon precipitation follows the stage of “Termination Ⅱ pause”. The rapid rise is synchronous with the abrupt change of global methane concentration, which reflects that an increase in both Asian Monsoon precipitation and tropical wetland plays an important role in the global climate changes.     

星载测雨雷达降雨量反演算法及模拟验证

<正>全球降雨量的测量将推进大气海洋耦合的研究,帮助我们理解潜热在大尺度大气流动中的作用,提高我们对暴雨系统的动力学及形态学的理解.除了这些科学的意义外,它还可以给农业.水资源管理、水灾预报带来许多实际的效益.在不同的测量手段中,卫星遥感被认为是最有效甚至是唯一的测量全球降雨的途径.与其他的星载传感器(红外、微波辐射计、激光雷达等)相比,雷达有其独特的特征:它能得到降雨体系沿高度分布而且还不受地面强辐射的影响.从降雨量大小和雷达的反射率统计上讲有一定的函数关系,但是位于测雨雷达工作频段的电磁波(如Tropical rainfall measuring mission或TRMM计划中的雷达,14GHz)随着降雨的强弱有程度不同的衰减,再加上回波涨落的不确定性,因此必须找到算法去修正这些效应. 为了分析这些雷达资料,不同类型的算法被提出来,如;单束单频、单束双频(简称为双频法或DF和双束单频(简称为双束法或DB)等、本文通过模拟的方法探讨上面所提及的算法在各种可能的误差存在下的表现.     

Linear relationship between the interdecadal and interannual variabilities of North China rainfall in rainy season

Interdecadai and interannuai timescales are dominant in the North China rainfall in rainy season (July and August). On the interdecadai timescale, the North China rainfall exhibited an abrupt decrease at the end of 1970s. In this study, we examined the effect of this abrupt rainfall decrease on the association between rainfall and circulation on the interannuai timescale, and found that the interdecadal variation does not change the physical mechanism responsible for the interannuai variation of North China rainfall.There is a linear relationship between the interdecadai and interannuai variabilities of North China rainfall in rainy season.     

降水预报因子分形特征及应用的探讨

介绍分形学的一些基本概念后，同时对灾害性洪水的分形特征作了探讨，求得分形分维与降雨量的对应关系。     

乌兰察布市气象、水文纵览

乌兰察布市距海洋较远，夏季海洋暖湿气流不易深入，冬季受西伯利亚寒流控制，形成大陆性季风气候。其特点冬季严寒漫长，夏季凉爽短促，气温年季变化大。前山、后山平均气温相差较大，降雨量少，且在时空上分布不均，雨量集中在7、8、9三个月，多年平均降雨量自东南向西北逐步递减，南部和东南部为420mm左右，中部为250～350mm．北部135～250mm，蒸发量大，无霜期短，     

遵义市海龙坝地下水动态研究

随着工农业对水需求量的巨增,开采地下水无疑是一很好解决方案。地下水资源量受多项因素影响,是一动态随机过程。根据其时间序列,建立线性神经网络模型,并将其用于地下水流量的动态预测。结果表明,预测精度较高,该方法可用于地下水的动态预测。