[Zn(PBIMH)2(H2O)]n的合成及晶体结构

水热条件下,合成了配位聚合物[Zn（L）2（H2O）]（nLH=2-吡啶-2-苯并咪唑）.X-射线单晶衍射分析结果表明：配合物属单斜晶系,P2（1）/c空间群,晶胞参数分别为：a=12.5657（2）,b=12.9258（2）,c=13.2403（3）A°,β=102.738（1）A°.锌离子与两个LH的4个氮原子,1个端基水配位形成变形的四角锥,（I）通过O---H---N氢键形成一维超分子结构.     

16S rDNA-RFLP方法分析抑菌土中的细菌多样性

 采集了从云南省16个县烟草主栽区的土壤样品129份.通过测定土壤抑制线虫生防菌Pochonia chlamydosporia孢子萌发率的大小将土样聚为抑菌率极显著差异的5个类群(P >0.01).为研究抑菌土中的细菌种群,构建了强抑菌土样的细菌16S rRNA基因文库;利用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)对随机克隆进行筛选;测定代表克隆的16S rDNA序列;对强抑菌土中的细菌种群进行了系统发育分析,并表明Proteobacteria和Acidobacteria的细菌是强抑菌土中的主要细菌类群.     

三丁基锡对水生生物毒理学影响的研究进展

综述了三丁基锡(TBT)对水生生物的毒理学效应,认为主要表现在干扰海产腹足类的内分泌而诱导性畸变现象的产生,抑制微藻的光合作用和呼吸作用,破坏水生动物超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶等蛋白质的活性,对软体动物的DNA造成不同程度的损伤.同时,探讨了TBT的降解、伤害作用机制及研究前景等.     

不同胺模板剂合成有孔硫化锌纳米空球

采用乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、丁胺和β-羟乙基乙二胺等不同胺为模板剂,它们与CS2反应生成的H2S为硫源,在50℃与ZnSO4搅拌反应20min制备了有孔的ZnS纳米空球.用SEM和TEM表征了有孔ZnS纳米空球的形貌、粒子大小为100～850 nm以及孔的大小为150～600 nm,XRD和HRTEM阐明了其为β型立方晶系,并由2～5 nm的ZnS纳米晶构成,UV-vis最大吸收峰蓝移表明其具有一定的量子尺寸效应.胺模板剂的两个氨基有利于与Zn2 作用而形成均匀、相对光滑的有孔ZnS纳米空球,引入羟乙基则不利,提出了由H2S冲出形成孔的合理机理.     

总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖对小鼠T细胞亚群及NK细胞免疫功能的调节

目的:观察总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖对正常小鼠T细胞亚群及NK细胞的免疫调节作用.方法:腹腔注射总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖溶液,用流式细胞仪检测血中免疫参数(CD3 ,CD4 ,CD8 T细胞亚群百分比)和脾脏NK细胞百分比,并测定胸腺、脾脏指数.结果:总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖能明显降低小鼠血中CD3 ,CD4 ,CD8 百分比(P＜0.05),同时增强脾脏NK细胞百分比(P＜0.05),并显著降低胸腺指数(P＜0.05),增加脾脏指数(P＜0.05).结论:总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖对小鼠T细胞亚群和NK细胞具有双向的免疫调节作用.     

Biomineralization of phototrophic microbes in silica-enriched hot springs in South China

Microbial mats in two hot springs in South China were sampled for the research of mineralization of microbes and its mechanism by the methods of geology and modern biology. The results show that hot spring microbes have the key capability for enrichment of Si, Al, Fe, Ca and other elements, and the microbes are also crucial for the formation of SiO2, CaCO3, clay and so on. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play important roles in the process of mineralization of hot spring microbes, which mainly takes place in the layer of EPS outside cell wall or sheath of cyanobacteria. The sheath outside cell wall, which keeps the normal metabolism of cyanobacteria during the process of mineralization on its surface, is also considerable for the biomineralization of cyanobacteria. According to structure and mineralization characteristics of two microbial mats, the process of mineralization can be divided into three stages, namely, early surface mineralization, middle degradation mineralization, and late des- quamation of mineral. The above conclusions are significant for comprehension of the process of mineralization, the process of deposition and the preservation of microfossil in modern and ancient extreme environments.     

When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

用无铅玻璃料研制环保型导电浆料

研究了Li2O,NaF,Al2O3和ZnO对玻璃体系软化温度和熔化温度的影响,在此基础上研制出了软化温度Tg低于500℃、熔化温度Tm低于560℃的低温无铅玻璃.分析了Li2O和NaF等对玻璃体系助熔的机理,用X射线衍射技术(XRD)分析了玻璃料的结晶状态,实验结果表明,制备的B2O3,Bi2O3和SiO2体系玻璃料为微晶玻璃,玻璃体系结构稳定.利用该玻璃料制备出的导电浆料,电性能优良,能满足低温电极的使用需要.     

异构时空数据的转换机制研究

目前时空模型难以兼顾时空语义表达与计算机实现困难的现状,形成不同部门、不同应用、不同时期的时空数据在语义、模型、结构等方面的差异,阻碍了时空数据之间的相互转换,限制了历史数据在预测预报等领域重要作用的发挥.在总结时空数据模型特点的基础上,试图以一个崭新的视角分析时空模型的发展历程;在此基础上,采用图论这一通用数据结构与数学描述方法.构建具有完备性的时空数据描述模型;探讨由此引发的异构时空数据的转换机制.最后,在异构时空模型之间的转换机制中分析了该模型的特点.