苦参碱在玻碳电极上的直接电化学行为及电分析方法研究

研究了生理介质中苦参碱在玻碳电极上的直接电化学行为,结果发现,在0.30～1.20V(相对于SCE)的电位窗口内及0.15mol/LNaCl水溶液中,苦参碱在0.92V附近产生了一个不可逆氧化峰,并且在一定条件下电极反应受扩散步骤控制.运用差分脉冲伏安法研究了苦参碱的峰电流与其浓度的关系,确定了浓度测定线性范围4.0×10-4～1.4×10-2mol/L,检测限为(4.0±0.02)×10-4mol/L.用该方法测定了相应药物中苦参碱的含量,相对偏差在0.6%以内,平均回收率为100.0%～101.0%,测定的精密度和准确度符合测定要求.     

土壤水分胁迫下大麦籽粒形成期碳氮代谢及其互作效应

利用防雨棚研究了土壤水分胁迫对大麦籽粒形成期碳氮代谢生理特性的影响。结果表明：淀粉和蛋白质沉积的生理机制的明显差异是导致干旱胁迫下籽粒淀粉沉积降低、蛋白质积累增加的内在因素；同时，籽粒形成后期的碳氮代谢互作在竞争和能量方面的差异也对籽粒淀粉沉积减少、蛋白质含量增加起到了一定的作用。     

羌塘盆地中晚侏罗世旋回地层初步分析

羌塘盆地是中国海相侏罗系最为发育的地区之一,对该套地层开展了旋回地层学研究,初步的研究结果表明羌塘盆地中上侏罗统至少存在四种旋回类型,即沉积旋回、古生物旋回、地球化学旋回和磁化率旋回,并按级别将低频旋回划分为3个旋回级次.其中一级旋回是由顶底不整合面限制的一个总体向上变粗变浅的充填序列,持续时间为48 Ma;二级旋回显示为大型的海进-海退旋回,旋回的时间跨度为27～29 Ma;三级旋回显示为向上变粗或向上变细的不完整旋回,旋回的时间跨度为7～14 Ma.古生物旋回、地球化学旋回(碳氧稳定同位素、微量元素)和磁化率旋回与沉积旋回具有良好的响应,并与特提斯同期低频旋回具有很好的对比性.     

广州夏季大气中碳气溶胶浓度水平及污染特征

2002年6-7月于广州市3个采样点采集PM10和PM25样品,测定了PM10,PM25以及元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)的浓度.PM10和PM2.5平均浓度分别为124.77μg@m-3及78.13μg@m-3.PM10和PM2.5中的OC浓度分别为22.3μg@m-3和15.80μg@m-3,EC浓度分别为7.78和5.90μg@m-3,其中73.8%的OC和77.7%的EC存在于PM25中.在3个采样点PM10和PM25中,OC/EC比值均大于2.0,表明广州夏季大气存在二次污染.各种气象条件对OC、EC浓度及其比值的变化都有不同程度的影响,其中降水和风速是OC、EC浓度变化的主要气象因素.     

SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

室温下N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化酯法合成吡咯-2,5-二乙酰胺

在室温下用一锅反应法以二环己基碳二亚胺（DCC）（2 equiv．）为偶合试剂，使用过量（4equiv．）的胺，用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（Hosu）（2 equiv．）活化酯法合成了吡咯-2，5-二酰胺，且产率（70％）比在低温时（63％）有所提高．探讨了选用不同的合成方法及偶合试剂以及反应条件和试剂的用量对合成目标产物的影响．     

二茂铁修饰碳电极应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究

二茂铁是一种具有良好氧化还原能力的金属有机化合物.近几年,二茂铁及其衍生物的光伏性能受到了极大的关注.本文将二茂铁引入钙钛矿太阳能电池,并成功组装了钙钛矿太阳能电池FTO/bl-TiO_2/mp-TiO_2/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/spiroOMeTAD/C/二茂铁(FC).二茂铁的HOMO能级(-4.8 eV)和碳电极的能级(-5.0 eV)与空穴传输相匹配.二茂铁层是将10 mg mL-1二茂铁氯苯溶液通过旋涂成膜制成,并覆盖在碳电极上.钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率由5.8%提升到6.2%.     

活性炭微波加热制备装置的仿真设计

活性炭在石化、电力、化工、临床医疗、环保等多个行业中广泛应用,其市场需求量也与日俱增.研究表明,相对于传统方法,微波法制备的活性炭具有孔隙结构更发达,比表面积更大,孔隙结构分布更均匀等优势.然而,这些研究都局限于实验室层面,现有的微波加热装置普遍存在热点、热失控和加热效率低下等问题.这严重限制了微波能在活性炭工业制备中的大规模应用.针对上述问题,本文以国内大量存在的竹子为研究对象,提出了一种可用于活性炭制备的微波均匀加热装置设计方案.通过多物理场仿真计算,以原材料的受热均匀性及装置的能量馈入率为考核标准,采用参数扫描分析的方法对装置参数进行了优化,得到了S11参数为-26.81dB,温度场的变异系数为0.2834的加热装置.此外,本文还结合参数扫描过程以及不同算法的运用,验证了该仿真计算的鲁棒性和准确性.该文章的工作对当前的活性炭工业制备装置的设计具有重要指导意义.