舟山海岛废弃采石场人工植被恢复

在矿山人工植被恢复过程中,人工植被恢复坡面植物的状况能很好的反应出工程的恢复效果.选取浙江舟山具有代表性的庆丰采石场为主要研究对象,对人工恢复坡面植物群落、周边原生植被以及土壤物理性质进行观察,研究表明,豆科及禾本科植物适合作为先锋物种进行早期人工恢复坡面的水土保持,且在群落中占据着主要的优势;在植被演替过程中,菊科及禾本科植物入侵明显,但是周围灌木、乔木的乡土种较难入侵;随着时间的进行,草本植物种类显著增加,群落多样性增加,坡面生态系统日趋稳定,其中坡中、坡下的植被恢复效果明显优于坡上;坡度对于植被恢复     

江苏盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统健康评价

以生态系统健康及压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型作为研究方法,根据江苏盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统的特点,通过直接从地理信息数据及其处理数据中提取相关指标,建立了一套湿地生态系统健康实时评价的模型,揭示了盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统健康状况的空间分布规律。结果表明：（1）盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统健康状态良好的占22 %,相对一般的占67 %;健康状态较差的占11 %;（2）王家槽港—老坝港段湿地健康状况最好,生态健康指数达087,斗龙港—四卯酉港段湿地健康状况最差,生态健康指数为032;（3）盐城淤泥质海岸带湿地生态系统健康状况退化的最主要原因是围垦和工农业污染。     

草灌植被护坡群落中草本对灌木生长的竞争关系研究

针对公路边坡植被恢复过程中,实生苗灌木在草灌混播群落中生长困难的问题,应用生态学实验方法,以灌木柠条为代表进行了草本-灌木混播竞争关系研究.结果表明:草本植物播种密度对灌木生长的影响主要是草本覆盖度形成速率与灌木生长速率之间的竞争;草本植物密度≤250株/m2时,灌木生长最好;草本植物对灌木高生长抑制作用最大的时间是播种后40 d左右,对灌木数目影响最大的时间是播种后60~75 d;草本植物对灌木竞争作用的表现是,初期导致灌木各项生长参数降低,后期导致灌木存活数目下降.     

退化喀斯特地区植被恢复过程中苔藓的先锋作用

在贵州花江喀斯特高原生态综合治理试验示范区内采集苔藓植物样品,鉴别了主要苔藓种类,测定苔藓植物的持水性能,分析了苔藓、岩石接触面形成土壤的化学性质。结果表明：试验区内苔藓植物共有11科26属65种,以藓类植物为主;自然状态下苔藓植物含水率为36 %～898 %;新鲜苔藓持水率为2123 %～5159 %;苔藓、岩石接触面的土壤属于土壤养分分级的一级标准,各项养分指标亦明显高于对照样地。苔藓植物对喀斯特石漠生境有极强的适应性,是石漠化及其他退化生态系统进行人工生态恢复中理想的物种选择。     

不同耕作模式下稻田生态系统对田面水中无机态氮的消纳

稻田生态系统可以有效减少流入水体的农业面源污染物.本文通过模拟试验,研究了不同施肥时间(常规施肥时间和在此基础上提前一个半月施肥)以及在不同耕作模式(垄作、平作)下稻田生态系统对田面水中无机态氮的消纳效果.结果表明:稻田生态系统能够有效降低田面水中无机态氮、全磷的含量.与灌水第1d相比,灌水14d后,所有稻田田面水中NH4+-N浓度平均下降84.3%,灌水21d后,所有稻田田面水中NO3--N浓度平均下降64.6%,TP浓度下降58.0%;提前施肥条件下稻田生态系统对田面水中无机态氮具有更好的吸附、消纳效果,灌水后的第1d,所有稻田田面水中NH4+-N浓度均出现最高值,其中,常规时间施肥和提前施肥NH4+-N质量体积浓度分别为2.52和1.28mg/L,灌水后的第3d,常规时间施肥稻田田面水中NO3--N质量体积浓度上升至最大值5.92mg/L,而此时提前施肥稻田约为3.65mg/L;不同耕作模式对无机态氮消纳的影响差异不显著.     

Global vegetation change analysis based on MODIS data in recent twelve years①

Vegetation cover change is critical for understanding impacts and responses of vegetation to climate change. A study found that vegetation in the regions between 45°N-70°N was increasing using normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) from 1981 to 1991 ten years ago. The global vegetation growth has changed because of climate change in recent twelve years( 2001- 2012). After thorough analysis based on satellite data,it is found that it is evident that the global vegetation changed( NDVI) little,and it is increasing slightly in Northern hemisphere while it is decreasing slightly in Southern Hemisphere. For different latitudes,vegetation is increasing 0.17% every year from 60°N to 70 °N( R~2= 0.47,P 0.013),while the vegetation is decreasing 0.11% every year from 10°N to 10° S( R~2= 0.54,P 0.004). For different continents,the vegetation in South America is decreasing 0.16% every year( R~2= 0.78,P 0.0001) and it is increasing 0.05% every year in Asia( R~2= 0.28,P 0.072) and 0.25% every year in Oceania( R~2= 0.24,P 0.1). The analysis of global vegetation in different seasons indicates that spatial distribution of global temperature and water vapor will affect the spatial distribution of vegetation,in turn,the spatial distribution of vegetation will also regulate the global temperature and water vapor spatial distribution at large scale. The growth and distribution of vegetation are mainly caused by the orbit of the celestial bodies,and a big data model based on gravitational-magmatic change with the solar or the galactic system as its center is proposed to be built for analyzing how the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system affects spatial-temporal variations of global vegetation and temperature at large scale. These findings promise a holistic understanding of the global climate change and potential underlying mechanisms.     

信息生态系统中的信息构建研究

信息构建和信息生态都是目前国内外关注的热点问题。从信息构建和信息生态相互关系进行阐述的基础上,探讨了将信息构建理论应用于信息生态系统的问题,从信息环境、信息人、信息3个方面论证了信息构建理论和框架适应于解决信息生态失衡问题。     

Vegetation effects on mean daily maximum and minimum surface air temperatures over China

Changes in the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) surface air temperatures and the associated temperature extremes have severe consequences on human society and the natural environment. In this study, we assess vegetation effects on mean Tmax and Tmin over China by computing a vegetation feedback parameter using the satellite-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and observed temperatures for the period 1982–2002. In all seasons, vegetation exerts a much stronger forcing on Tmax than on Tmin, and thus has a substantial effect on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) over China. Significant positive feedbacks on Tmax and the DTR occupy many areas of China with the feedback parameters exceeding 1°C (0.1 NDVI)–1, while significant negative effects only appear over the summertime climatic and ecological transition zone of northern China and some other isolated areas. Also, the vegetation feedbacks are found to vary with season. In areas where significant feedbacks occur, vegetation contributes to typically 10%–30% of the total variances in Tmax, Tmin, and the DTR. These findings suggest that vegetation memory offers the potential for improving monthly-to-seasonal forecasting of Tmax and Tmin, and the associated temperature extremes over China. Meanwhile, the limitations and uncertainties of the study should be recognized.     

基于ArcEngine和VRML的森林景观可视化系统

讨论了一种构建森林景观可视化系统的新方法,基于三种数据源,即遥感影像数据、地形图数据、林相图数据,将地理信息系统的二次开发技术与VRML(虚拟现实模型语言)相结合,利用景观可视化技术构建并实现了森林景观的可视化,缩短了空间数据的输入和参数化过程,为空间数据的可视化提供了一条思路.     

九寨沟自然保护区种子植物区系组成分析

九寨沟种子植物(按恩格勒系统)已鉴定的植物有88科299属744种,其中裸子植物4科10属27种,被子植物84科289属717种.从生长型来看,乔木81种,灌木141种,藤木37种,草本485种.属的系数41.7.区系分区属泛北极植物区,中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,横断山脉地区.属分布区类型温带215属,占83.65%;热带分布27属,占10.51%.地中海成分8属,占3.12%;全世界分布42属.国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物7种.植被组成中以冷杉、云杉、松等属的植物为优势种,阔叶树的优势种是杨柳科、桦木科、椴树科等.主要灌木有茶藨子、蔷薇、枸子、悬钧子、花揪、忍冬、杜鹃等植物.草本以菊科、禾本科、莎草科、毛茛科等植物为主.