嫁接茄子试验研究

试验研究结果得出,茄子嫁接技术的确是一项有效防治土传病害黄萎病和增产增收的有效措施.     

钨钼室温脆性的研究

对不同实验条件下制备的钨和钼的试样作扫描电镜、透射电镜和俄歇电子能谱分析。断口形貌分析表明,在室温下烧结态和再结晶态的断口呈典型的晶间脆性断裂,低形变及再结晶试样为晶间脆断和穿晶解理的混合型断裂,高度形变的试样断口呈纤维状韧性断裂特征,是纤维束撕裂、分层,而后单个纤维出现缩颈、微孔合并所致。在10~(-9)Torr高真空度下对新鲜断口作俄歇电子能谱分析证实,间隙杂质磷、氧和碳是钨的主要晶界杂质,而钾、氧和碳则在掺杂钨的晶界明显富集,可以确认这些在晶界大量富集的杂质是削弱晶界强度,造成钨钼室温脆性的基本原因.文中还分析了晶粒结构和亚结构对室温脆性的影响。     

含铁赤泥还原分选机理探讨

本文着重从热力学和动力学上对广西三水铝土矿拜尔法赤泥还原焙烧机理进行分析和探讨.研究表明,在1150～1250℃左右进行还原焙烧,完成晶体结构重整,可使细粒分布的铁铝分离.这种新工艺对从矿石中固溶态的多金属分离与提取将是一项重大突破.     

形变和热处理条件对掺杂钨中钾泡弥散状态的影响

利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对采用不同形变和热处理工艺所生产的钨棒和钨丝进行了系统的研究,比较了钾泡的弥散状态和组织性能情况。研究结果表明,钾管的长宽比与变形程度之间有确定的关系,它随不同的变形阶段而变化。本文提出了钾管长宽比的关系式,计算结果与实验结果相符。研究还表明,旋锻加工再结晶退火后钨棒中钾泡的弥散状态,对于最终钨丝中钾泡的弥散状态及高温性能起决定的作用。     

共晶点左移理论在研制新型铸铁焊条时的应用

应用共晶点左移理论研制以奥氏体和铁素体为基体的两种类型铸铁冷焊焊条，具有较窄的白口区和较高的白口断续率，可以代替国家标准相应类型铸铁焊条。在研制中对共晶点左移理论的应用进一步作了分析     

Long-term sensory deprivation prevents dendritic spine loss in primary somatosensory cortex

A substantial decrease in the number of synapses occurs in the mammalian brain from the late postnatal period until the end of life. Although experience plays an important role in modifying synaptic connectivity, its effect on this nearly lifelong synapse loss remains unknown. Here we used transcranial two-photon microscopy to visualize postsynaptic dendritic spines in layer I of the barrel cortex in transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein. We show that in young adolescent mice, long-term sensory deprivation through whisker trimming prevents net spine loss by preferentially reducing the rate of ongoing spine elimination, not by increasing the rate of spine formation. This effect of deprivation diminishes as animals mature but still persists in adulthood. Restoring sensory experience after adolescent deprivation accelerates spine elimination. Similar to sensory manipulation, the rate of spine elimination decreases after chronic blockade of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors with the antagonist MK801, and accelerates after drug withdrawal. These studies of spine dynamics in the primary somatosensory cortex suggest that experience plays an important role in the net loss of synapses over most of an animal's lifespan, particularly during adolescence.     

二级对角隐Runge-Kutta方法的B-收敛性

本文讨论了二级对角隐 Runge-Kutta 方法的 B-相容,B-稳定及 B-收敛性,导出了方法的1阶最优 B-收敛性,从而改进和推广了朱方生1988年的结果.本文讨论 B-相容,B-稳定性所用方法不同于 Dekker & Verwer 1984年的方法,所得误差估计较前更为精确,其中 B-稳定性的讨论也推广和修正了 Burrage & Butcher 1979年的结果.     

广东省入境旅游业发展差异时空演变研究

以广东省21地市为研究对象,基于1999—2009年数据,利用标准差、变异系数、集中指数、重心法、灰色关联分析等方法分析了广东省白1999年以来入境旅游发展差异的时空演变情况．结果表明：1）广东省入境旅游发展的绝对差异在不断扩大,相对差异呈缩小趋势,仇变幅较小,且入境旅游发展差异主要表现为珠三角内部地市之间的差异;2）广东省入境旅游发展差异的空间极化效应明显,发展极不平衡,集中度高,在空间上形成了明显的“双核四区（广州、深圳双核,珠三角、东翼、西翼、山区四区）”格局;3）灰色关联分析方法定量地揭示了广东省入境旅游发展地市差异与旅游资源分布的地市差异关联度不大,经济发展水平、区位条件、交通条件等是影响广东省各地市入境旅游业发展的主要因素．     

Repetitive motor learning induces coordinated formation of clustered dendritic spines in vivo

Many lines of evidence suggest that memory in the mammalian brain is stored with distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Despite recent progresses in identifying neuronal populations involved in memory coding, the synapse-level mechanism is still poorly understood. Computational models and electrophysiological data have shown that functional clustering of synapses along dendritic branches leads to nonlinear summation of synaptic inputs and greatly expands the computing power of a neural network. However, whether neighbouring synapses are involved in encoding similar memory and how task-specific cortical networks develop during learning remain elusive. Using transcranial two-photon microscopy, we followed apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex while mice practised novel forelimb skills. Here we show that a third of new dendritic spines (postsynaptic structures of most excitatory synapses) formed during the acquisition phase of learning emerge in clusters, and that most such clusters are neighbouring spine pairs. These clustered new spines are more likely to persist throughout prolonged learning sessions, and even long after training stops, than non-clustered counterparts. Moreover, formation of new spine clusters requires repetition of the same motor task, and the emergence of succedent new spine(s) accompanies the strengthening of the first new spine in the cluster. We also show that under control conditions new spines appear to avoid existing stable spines, rather than being uniformly added along dendrites. However, succedent new spines in clusters overcome such a spatial constraint and form in close vicinity to neighbouring stable spines. Our findings suggest that clustering of new synapses along dendrites is induced by repetitive activation of the cortical circuitry during learning, providing a structural basis for spatial coding of motor memory in the mammalian brain.