Receiving mixed signals: uncoupling oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination

The development and maturation of an oligodendroglial cell is comprised of three intimately related processes that include proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. Here we review how proliferation and differentiation are controlled by distinct molecular mechanisms and discuss whether differentiation is merely a default of inhibited proliferation. We then address whether differentiation and myelination can be uncoupled in a similar manner. This task is particularly challenging because an oligodendrocyte cannot myelinate without first differentiating, and these processes are therefore not mutually exclusive. Is it solely the presence of the axon that distinguishes a differentiated oligodendrocyte from a myelinating one? Uncoupling these two processes requires identifying specific signals that regulate myelination without affecting the differentiation process. We will review current understanding of the relationship between differentiation and myelination and discuss whether these two processes can truly be uncoupled.     

合金铸铁激光处理的探讨——Ⅱ.激光辐照工艺参数的控制

用热传导方程控制激光辐照温度,建立了一种新回归方程以控制激光辐照硬化深度,选用卡尔丹公式列热传导方程及同归方程联立求解,可得到同时满足一定的硬化深度及表面最高温度双重要求的工艺参数,此种方法可作为激光硬化处理工艺参数的控制或预报,对本合金铸铁的激光硬化处理,其表面温度的下限应大于其熔点温度,即以表面产生微熔的快速冷凝处理为宜,并以选取低功率慢扫描为最佳。     

Lipschitz条件题设的完善

本文给出了函数单侧极值点的定义,并证明了连续函数的单侧极值点所成之集与实数集等势,且利用此完善了函数满足Lipschitz 条件的题设。     

超微粒MnO_2的合成

以MnCl_2和NaOH为原料,采用胶溶法,制备了超微粒MnO_2制得的MnO_2超微粒为非晶态,直径6.0～10.0 nm,呈球状,在有机溶剂中具有良好的分散性和透明性,考察了影响氧化锰溶胶调制的因素,获得了最佳制胶条件,研究了表面活性剂用量与Mn迁移率的关系;通过X-光粉末衍射、红外光谱、热重及差热分析,研究了产品的结构性能。     

彩色珠光粉的研制

本文探讨了以有机染料为着色剂合成彩色珠光粉的合成方法,并对金属氢氧化物吸附量、有机染料用量、搅拌时间及 pH 值等影响产品性能的因素进行了讨论.     

象质评价中光学孔径与波象差的最佳匹配

导出了光学孔径与波象差共同决定成象质量的一些关系式，并从理论和实践两方面找出上述两参数的最佳匹配范围。文中得出的结果与以往传统的象质评价判据有明显的区别。     

Structure of astacin and implications for activation of astacins and zinc-ligation of collagenases.

Astacin, a digestive zinc-endopeptidase from the crayfish Astacus astacus L., is the prototype for the 'astacin family', which includes mammalian metallo-endopeptidases and developmentally regulated proteins of man, fruitfly, frog and sea urchin. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of astacin, which reveals a deep active-site cleft, with the zinc at its bottom ligated by three histidines, a water molecule and a more remote tyrosine. The third histidine (His 102) forms part of a consensus sequence, shared not only by the members of the astacin family, but also by otherwise sequentially unrelated proteinases, such as vertebrate collagenases. It may therefore represent the elusive 'third' zinc ligand in these enzymes. The amino terminus of astacin is buried forming an internal salt-bridge with Glu 103, adjacent to His 102. Astacin pro-forms extended at the N terminus, as observed for some 'latent' mammalian astacin homologues, did not exhibit this 'active' conformation, indicating an activation mechanism reminiscent of trypsin-like serine proteinases.     

小麦群体连续选择效应的综合分析

本试验对由信谷核不育基因构成的异效群体内４个性状进行连续两轮歧化选择，并将所得数据进行群体综合分析。结果表明：整个群体的平均表现和变异程度未发明显变化；但群体分布状况有一定改变，尤其是每穗粒数的分布数化较为明显；株高和千粒重的有效因子数估计基本符合小麦遗传实际表现，每穗粒数的有效有效因子数估计略低，说明此性状遗传背景较为简单。     

自组织生长纳米半导体量子点的研究进展

纳米半导体量子点以其所具有的新颖光电性质与输运特性 ,正在成为量子功能器件研究中的一个热点领域 .作为纳米量子点的制备方法 ,自组织生长技术正在受到人们的普遍重视 .而如何实现具有尺寸与密度可控纳米量子点的自组织生长 ,更为材料物理学家所广泛关注 .因为这是由自组织方法形成的纳米量子点最终能否实现器件实用化的关键 .本文将以纳米量子点→自组织生长→形成机理→尺寸与密度可控为主线 ,简要介绍近 1 0年来纳米量子点自组织生长技术的研究进展 .