浅谈沥青路面早期病害原因及防治措施

笔者主要从路面结构设计、现场施工质量控制、投入运营后超载车辆管理等方面,分析沥青路面早期破坏的原因.     

动力学在交通事故处理中的应用

公安院校基础教学中公安知识的渗透,有力地驱动学生创造力的培养。在现场勘查中,针对事故现场的实况,可运用动力学的知识,对肇事车辆行驶速度作出科学的鉴定。     

Gas-liquid phase coexistence and finite-size effects in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system

The gas-liquid phase coexistence in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system is investigated using Maxwell construction method together with molecular dynamics simulations.The results of phase coexistence in different truncations of the potential are compared with data obtained from the literature,and the corresponding critical properties calculated.The crossover from Ising-like to mean field behavior is observed and confirmed as the temperature approaches the critical point from below.Performing simulations on systems with different sizes,we find that a finite size effect is more significant than those shown in most of the previous results,and a lower critical temperature is obtained when the full extent of this finite size effect is considered.     

Spatial prisoner’s dilemma games with increasing size of the interaction neighborhood on regular lattices

We studied the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game on a square lattice where the size of the interaction neighborhood is considered. Firstly, the effects of noise and the cost-to-benefit ratio on the maintenance of cooperation were investigated. The results indicate that the cooperation frequency depends on the noise and cost-to-benefit ratio: cooperation reaches a climax as noise increases, but it monotonously decreases and even vanishes with the ratio increasing. Furthermore, we investigated how the size of the interaction neighborhood affects the emergence of cooperation in detail. Our study demonstrates that cooperation is remarkably enhanced by an increase in the size of the interaction neighborhood. However, cooperation died out when the size of the interaction neighborhood became too large since the system was similar to the mean-field system. On this basis, a cluster-forming mechanism acting among cooperators was also explored, and it showed that the moderate range of the neighborhood size is beneficial for forming larger cooperative clusters. Finally, large-scale Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to visualize and interpret these phenomena explicitly.     

科学与良知之争——以“科玄”论战为中心

作为“五四”新文化运动的延伸,“科玄”论战的主题由新旧文化的核心范畴良知与科学之争得以确定.玄学派试图通过划界方式,主动将“知”划归科学,以图保留良知之“良”(仁)性.这个策略一方面背离了仁知统一的儒家良知传统,使良知失去了“知”这个根基.另一方面,科学派趁势追击,以理智破除直觉、情感,以因果律破除自由意志,以科学之知破除良知之“良”(仁)性,从而使良知既失“知”性也失“良”(仁)性,良知彻底破产.如何在科学时代重建新良知,这无疑是科学与良知之争给中国哲学界留下的难题与重要理论财富.     

Tm值差异型不对称PCR方法的建立及其在分子诊断中的应用

多数分子诊断方法对靶基因的检测都是以单链DNA为基础的,如何获得大量和高质量的单链靶DNA分子一直是研究热点.以包含BRCA1基因上3个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的DNA片段为研究对象,通过调整不对称扩增引物碱基序列组成(5′-端引入错配或加入锁核苷酸(locked nucleic acid,LNA)),使用相差10倍浓度来增加不对称引物间Tm值差异,改进扩增条件(添加增强剂的扩增缓冲液,不同退火温度的二阶循环扩增程序)后,进行不对称扩增来产生大量单链靶DNA产物.结果表明Tm差异型不对称PCR(Tm difference asymmetric PCR,TDA-PCR)可有效提高单链DNA分子产率,降低引物设计难度,也扩大了模板序列的适用范围.此外,还针对禽流感病毒H5N1的血凝素(haemagglutinin)HA基因保守序列进行不对称扩增,用获得的单链DNA为模板进行焦磷酸测序检测,所得结果与参考序列一致且无明显干扰信号.因此,采用Tm值差异型不对称PCR可使焦磷酸测序等分子诊断流程更为简便,成本更低,效率更高,具有很好的通用性和实用性.     

C－正规、M－正规与有限群的结构

本文利用C－正规子群及M－正规子群的性质刻划有限群的可解性、P－闭性、幂零性。     

下伏空洞顶板承载力的计算方法综述

顶板承载力问题主要存在于矿山开采、采空区以及岩溶区工程建设中。将应用于下伏空洞顶板承载力计算的理论方法归纳为弹性理论和极限分析方法2种,其中极限分析方法包括极限平衡法和极限分析上限法。对于具体问题的求解,利用弹性理论时,关键是选取合理的力学模型;利用极限分析方法时,关键是给出恰当破坏模式的假定。目前对于偏心荷载作用下的顶板破坏机理研究较少,尚没有成熟的理论计算方法,该方面的研究有待加强。     

推广的马尔可夫分割定理

主要证明了推广的马尔可夫分割存在性定理,即在没有极大性的条件下,定理也是正确的.