Receiving mixed signals: uncoupling oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination

The development and maturation of an oligodendroglial cell is comprised of three intimately related processes that include proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. Here we review how proliferation and differentiation are controlled by distinct molecular mechanisms and discuss whether differentiation is merely a default of inhibited proliferation. We then address whether differentiation and myelination can be uncoupled in a similar manner. This task is particularly challenging because an oligodendrocyte cannot myelinate without first differentiating, and these processes are therefore not mutually exclusive. Is it solely the presence of the axon that distinguishes a differentiated oligodendrocyte from a myelinating one? Uncoupling these two processes requires identifying specific signals that regulate myelination without affecting the differentiation process. We will review current understanding of the relationship between differentiation and myelination and discuss whether these two processes can truly be uncoupled.     

Alternative exon usage selectively determines both tissue distribution and subcellular localization of the acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 gene products

Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and coenzyme A. Recent studies have demonstrated that one gene named Acot7, reported to be mainly expressed in brain and testis, is transcribed in several different isoforms by alternative usage of first exons. Strongly decreased levels of ACOT7 activity and protein in both mitochondria and cytosol was reported in patients diagnosed with fatty acid oxidation defects, linking ACOT7 function to regulation of fatty acid oxidation in other tissues. In this study, we have identified five possible first exons in mouse Acot7 (Acot7a–e) and show that all five first exons are transcribed in a tissue-specific manner. Taken together, these data show that the Acot7 gene is expressed as multiple isoforms in a tissue-specific manner, and that expression in tissues other than brain and testis is likely to play important roles in fatty acid metabolism. Received 5 February 2007: received after revision 3 April 2007; accepted 19 April 2007     

Fettsäuren aus dehydratisiertem Rizinusöl mit sog. Vitamin-F-Wirkung

Summary The fatty acids from dehydrated castor oil, mainly consisting of 9,11- and 9,12-linoleic acid, show in biological tests vitamin effects similar to those of the so-called essential fatty acids.     

Presenza di un principio antidiuretico nelle ghiandole salivari posteriori degli Octopodi

Summary Acetone and alcohol extracts of the posterior salivary glands ofOctopus vulgaris, Eledone moschata andEledone Aldrovandi contain a principle which strongly reduces the diuresis in hydrated rats.The antidiuretic principle is absent in all otherOctopus tissues as well as in the salivary glands ofOctopus macropus.It shows a high termostability and is strongly adsorbed by animal charcoal at any reaction.The salivary antidiuretic substance is not identical with the posterior pituitary principle nor with the other active substances found in the salivary glands of Octopoda.The injection of salivary extracts satisfactorily reduces polyuria and polydipsia in human diabetes insipidus.

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Le presenti ricerche sono state in parte sovvenzionate da un contributo straordinario del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.     

共轭斜量法在某些特征向量上收敛速度的估计

设 Ａ是对称正定矩阵，λ_1是 Ａ 的最大或最小特征值，χ_1是对应的特征向量．｛zk｝是用共轭斜量法求解方程组 Αχ＝ｂ时的近似解序列，ｅi＝Ａ～(_1)b-zi,本文给出了|x_1～Tei|较合理的上界估计式。从而为分析预处理共轭斜量法提供了进一步的理论基础。     

硼对12Ni3CrMoV高强度钢焊接接头冷裂敏感性的影响

低碳调质高强度钢中添加硼对焊接冷裂敏感性的影响较少有人研究,并存在两种不同意见.本文对含硼量分别为0.005%,0.0014%,0.0028%,0.0035%的12Ni3CrMoV调质高强度钢焊接冷裂敏感性进行研究.试验结果表明:1.插销试验临界应力:含硼钢比无硼钢(含硼0.0005%)高;含硼钢中,临界应力按含硼量0.0014%,0.0028%,0.0035%的顺序递减.2.扫描电镜断口分析:无硼钢有沿晶断裂区、准介理断裂区和韧窝断裂区.含硼钢没有沿晶断裂区,只有准介理断裂区和韧窝断裂区.3.焊条未烘干时,无硼和含硼钢的插销临界应力都降低,无硼钢沿晶断裂区扩大,含硼钢仍无沿晶断裂区.4.硼在HAZ粗晶区中沿奥氏体晶界形成偏聚带,硼相主要沿奥氏体晶界呈不连续点状析出.含硼愈多,沿奥氏体晶界偏聚和硼相析出也愈多.5.C.D.Beachem提出的断口形貌发展过程示意图可以解释无硼钢断裂,不能完全解释含硼钢断裂过程.6.裂纹敏感性成分Pcm值表达式中,硼项系数为" 5"值得商榷.就本文钢材而言,硼项函数应为"负变数".本文对含硼钢延迟裂纹机理作了探讨.     

CGPSS-F仿真系统数据的采集与分析

本文详细地叙述了“医院门诊部为门诊病人服务的CGPSS-F仿真系统”数据采集与分析的方法.利用CGPSS-F仿真系统的驻留在队列中的实体数和资源处于繁忙状态的单元数,合理调整实体在系统的时间.根据资源容量的利用,实体排队的长度和实体在系统的时间,确定实用的系统参数.     

H—列闭空间与H—序列闭空间

本文引进了θ-聚点,II-列闭空间与II-序列闭空间的概念,并对II-可数闭空间、II-列闭空间、II-序列闭空间建立了一些关系.