合成气制乙醇铑催化剂中助剂的作用

促进型铑催化剂上,测定CO吸附的IR光谱和铑的分散度,结果表明:线吸附CO的谱带基本不变,桥CO谱带红移且变宽。变化顺序为Rh-Mn>Rb-Mn-Fe-Li>Rh-Fe>Rh-Li>Rh。该变化归因于助剂对吸附CO氧端络合而形成的η~2-CO物种,并可作为活性中心亲氧能力强弱的相对尺度,Rh·Mn/SiO_2上,测量CO/H_2的IR光谱,发现了归属于甲酰基的谱带;说明甲酰基是反应中间物,并测定各催化剂活性和选择性,基于这些结果和蔡启瑞等曾提出的氢助解离乙烯酮机理,能较合理地探讨了助剂的协合催化作用,本研究再次为上述机理提供另一重要实验证据。     

Phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by Cdk5 modulates dopamine signalling in neurons

The physiological state of the cell is controlled by signal transduction mechanisms which regulate the balance between protein kinase and protein phosphatase activities. Here we report that a single protein can, depending on which particular amino-acid residue is phosphorylated, function either as a kinase or phosphatase inhibitor. DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phospho-protein, relative molecular mass 32,000) is converted into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) at threonine 34. We find that DARPP-32 is converted into an inhibitor of PKA when phosphorylated at threonine 75 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Cdk5 phosphorylates DARPP-32 in vitro and in intact brain cells. Phospho-Thr 75 DARPP-32 inhibits PKA in vitro by a competitive mechanism. Decreasing phospho-Thr 75 DARPP-32 in striatal slices, either by a Cdk5-specific inhibitor or by using genetically altered mice, results in increased dopamine-induced phosphorylation of PKA substrates and augmented peak voltage-gated calcium currents. Thus DARPP-32 is a bifunctional signal transduction molecule which, by distinct mechanisms, controls a serine/threonine kinase and a serine/threonine phosphatase.     

氨合成铁催化剂上化学吸附物种的in－situ FTIR谱

应用原位傅里哀变换红外光谱方法，分别在４００～４５０℃、常压、高空速（１２０００～１４４００ｈ．ｓ．ｖ．ｇ．）的Ｈ２、Ｎ２／３Ｈ２或Ｎ２气氛的动态条件下，检测了双促进氨合成铁催化剂上的化学吸附物种，并分别在Ｄ２、Ｎ２／３Ｄ２或１５ＮＨ３／Ｈ２气氛中，进行了常规同位素验证实验．结果表明，催化剂表面的主要含氮化学吸附物种是分子态的Ｎ２．ａｄ，其ｕ（Ｎ－Ｎ）＝２０３６ｃｍ－１（ｓ），２０１２ｃｍ－１（ｗ）和１９３５ｃｍ－１（ｗ），而不是原子态的Ｎａｄ，其ｕ（Ｆｅ－Ｎ）＝１０８７ｃｍ－１（ｖｗ），和ＮＨａｄ其ｕ（Ｆｅ－Ｎ）＝８８６ｃｍ－１（ｖｗ），表面有相当量的化学吸附氢存在，其ｖ（Ｆｅ－Ｈ）＝２０５６ｃｍ－１（ｓ），１９５０ｃｍ－１（ｍｓ），１９３１ｃｍ－１（ｍ），１９０２ｃｍ－１（ｗ），９１５ｃｍ－１（ｓ，桥式）等．作为与报道过的激光拉曼光谱的互补研究，本结果支持了以缔合式途径为主、解离式途径为次的平行竞争缔合式合成氨催化反应机理．     

催化剂分子设计专家系统中数据库和知识库的建立

从建造专家系统的理论体系出发，结合作者以前在计算机辅助催化剂分子设计方面所做的工作，确立了复合催化剂组分子设计专家系统的基本结构，并探讨了这一系统的任务功能、体系结构与支持界面、性质数据库与知识规则库的建立．以甲烷氧化偶联反应为例，说明了数据库的构成和领域知识的分类以及相应的知识表示技术．     

随机扰动下DNA三核苷酸重复序列的弯曲和柔性

利用统计力学模型讨论了与人类遗传病有关的DNA三核苷酸重复序列的弯曲和柔性,提出随机成动模型来近似表示DNA序列和蛋白质的相互作用,发现弯曲很小的三核苷重复序列在有随机扰动的情况下,可以出现大角度的弯曲,且随扰动强度的加大出现大角度弯曲的概率增加,求出了十二种三核苷重复序列的柔性及其长度依赖,发现当序列长度大于150 bp时,柔性的变化开始显,CTG和CGG具有最大的柔性,研究了柔性在有随机扰动时下的变化,发现在序列上不同位置施加扰动,柔性的变化程度不同,对于600bp长的序列,在390bp处的柔性变化程度最大。     

Inhibition of Rho-associated kinase relieves C5a-induced proteinuria in murine nephrotic syndrome

Childhood nephrotic syndrome is mainly caused by minimal change disease which is named because only subtle ultrastructural alteration could be observed at electron microscopic level in the pathological kidney. Glomerular podocytes are presumed to be the target cells whose protein sieving capability is compromised by a yet unidentified permeability perturbing factor. In a cohort of children with non-hereditary idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, we found the complement fragment C5a was elevated in their sera during active disease. Administration of recombinant C5a induced profound proteinuria and minimal change nephrotic syndrome in mice. Purified glomerular endothelial cells, instead of podocytes, were demonstrated to be responsible for the proteinuric effect elicited by C5a. Further studies depicted a signaling pathway involving Rho/Rho-associated kinase/myosin activation leading to endothelial cell contraction and cell adhesion complex breakdown. Significantly, application of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, Y27632, prevented the protein leaking effects observed in both C5a-treated purified endothelial cells and mice. Taken together, our study identifies a previously unknown mechanism underlying nephrotic syndrome and provides a new insight toward identifying Rho-associated kinase inhibition as an alternative therapeutic option for nephrotic syndrome.     

The development of allergic inflammation

Allergic disorders, such as anaphylaxis, hay fever, eczema and asthma, now afflict roughly 25% of people in the developed world. In allergic subjects, persistent or repetitive exposure to allergens, which typically are intrinsically innocuous substances common in the environment, results in chronic allergic inflammation. This in turn produces long-term changes in the structure of the affected organs and substantial abnormalities in their function. It is therefore important to understand the characteristics and consequences of acute and chronic allergic inflammation, and in particular to explore how mast cells can contribute to several features of this maladaptive pattern of immunological reactivity.     

Meta-analysis identifies common variants associated with body mass index in east Asians

Multiple genetic loci associated with obesity or body mass index (BMI) have been identified through genome-wide association studies conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry. We performed a meta-analysis of associations between BMI and approximately 2.4 million SNPs in 27,715 east Asians, which was followed by in silico and de novo replication studies in 37,691 and 17,642 additional east Asians, respectively. We identified ten BMI-associated loci at genome-wide significance (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), including seven previously identified loci (FTO, SEC16B, MC4R, GIPR-QPCTL, ADCY3-DNAJC27, BDNF and MAP2K5) and three novel loci in or near the CDKAL1, PCSK1 and GP2 genes. Three additional loci nearly reached the genome-wide significance threshold, including two previously identified loci in the GNPDA2 and TFAP2B genes and a newly identified signal near PAX6, all of which were associated with BMI with P < 5.0 × 10(-7). Findings from this study may shed light on new pathways involved in obesity and demonstrate the value of conducting genetic studies in non-European populations.