乙烯基在苯乙烯亲电取代反应中的定位效应

本文从理论上研究了苯乙烯的电子结构,结果表明,苯乙烯的乙烯基在空间的位置影响苯乙烯的原子电荷分布和能量,从而影响苯乙烯的亲电取代反应。苯乙烯的C—Ph键旋转,形成不同构象之间的最大与最小体系能量值之差ΔE仅0.00525188a.u（3.2956kcal.mol^-1）。当C8-C7-C1与苯环成40度时,体系能量E（40）=-307.448920182a.u最低,为稳定的优势构象。苯乙烯中乙烯基表现为吸电基,它的作用使邻、对位碳原子的负电荷比苯环碳原子多,邻、对位亲电取代反应中间体最稳定,反应的途径最有利,乙烯基主要表现为邻、对位定位基。     

压力作用下颗粒页岩快速燃烧过程的实验研究

利用压力热重仪对抚顺和茂名页岩颗粒进行了快速燃烧实验，以此来模拟油页岩在沸腾炉内的燃烧过程。考察了粒径、温度、压力等因素对燃烧过程的影响．所用的样品粒径为３～１１ｍｍ，燃烧温度７００～９００℃，压力为０．１～０．９ＭＰａ，利用总包一级燃烧反应模型对实验数据进行了处理，得到了较为满意的结果。     

氯化铁催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

本文报道了用氯化铁水合物催化苯甲酸和正丁醇的酯化作用，探讨了氯化铁催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯的条件．     

Pleistocene to Holocene extinction dynamics in giant deer and woolly mammoth

The extinction of the many well-known large mammals (megafauna) of the Late Pleistocene epoch has usually been attributed to 'overkill' by human hunters, climatic/vegetational changes or to a combination of both. An accurate knowledge of the geography and chronology of these extinctions is crucial for testing these hypotheses. Previous assumptions that the megafauna of northern Eurasia had disappeared by the Pleistocene/Holocene transition were first challenged a decade ago by the discovery that the latest woolly mammoths on Wrangel Island, northeastern Siberia, were contemporaneous with ancient Egyptian civilization. Here we show that another spectacular megafaunal species, the giant deer or 'Irish elk', survived to around 6,900 radiocarbon yr bp (about 7,700 yr ago) in western Siberia-more than three millennia later than its previously accepted terminal date-and therefore, that the reasons for its ultimate demise are to be sought in Holocene not Pleistocene events. Before their extinction, both giant deer and woolly mammoth underwent dramatic shifts in distribution, driven largely by climatic/vegetational changes. Their differing responses reflect major differences in ecology.     

Different domains of synaptotagmin control the choice between kiss-and-run and full fusion

Exocytosis-the release of the contents of a vesicle--proceeds by two mechanisms. Full fusion occurs when the vesicle and plasma membranes merge. Alternatively, in what is termed kiss-and-run, vesicles can release transmitter during transient contacts with the plasma membrane. Little is known at the molecular level about how the choice between these two pathways is regulated. Here we report amperometric recordings of catecholamine efflux through individual fusion pores. Transfection with synaptotagmin (Syt) IV increased the frequency and duration of kiss-and-run events, but left their amplitude unchanged. Endogenous Syt IV, induced by forskolin treatment, had a similar effect. Full fusion was inhibited by mutation of a Ca2+ ligand in the C2A domain of Syt I; kiss-and-run was inhibited by mutation of a homologous Ca2+ ligand in the C2B domain of Syt IV. The Ca2+ sensitivity for full fusion was 5-fold higher with Syt I than Syt IV, but for kiss-and-run the Ca2+ sensitivities differed by a factor of only two. Syt thus regulates the choice between full fusion and kiss-and-run, with Ca2+ binding to the C2A and C2B domains playing an important role in this choice.     

Chromosome cohesion is regulated by a clock gene paralogue TIM-1

Faithful transmission of the genome requires that a protein complex called cohesin establishes and maintains the regulated linkage between replicated chromosomes before their segregation. Here we report the unforeseen participation of Caenorhabditis elegans TIM-1, a paralogue of the Drosophila clock protein TIMELESS, in the regulation of chromosome cohesion. Our biochemical experiments defined the C. elegans cohesin complex and revealed its physical association with TIM-1. Functional relevance of the interaction was demonstrated by aberrant mitotic chromosome behaviour, embryonic lethality and defective meiotic chromosome cohesion caused by the disruption of either TIM-1 or cohesin. TIM-1 depletion prevented the assembly of non-SMC (structural maintenance of chromosome) cohesin subunits onto meiotic chromosomes; however, unexpectedly, a partial cohesin complex composed of SMC components still loaded. Further disruption of cohesin activity in meiosis by the simultaneous depletion of TIM-1 and an SMC subunit decreased homologous chromosome pairing before synapsis, revealing a new role for cohesin in metazoans. On the basis of comparisons between TIMELESS homologues in worms, flies and mice, we propose that chromosome cohesion, rather than circadian clock regulation, is the ancient and conserved function for TIMELESS-like proteins.     

含惰性物石灰石吸收二氧化硫的数学模型研究

利用实验室小型流化床反应器,考察了含惰性物石灰石固硫的性能,建立了固硫过程的数学模型,模型预报值和实验结果吻合良好。模型的计算结果表明,固硫剂中惰性物体积分数约为０．４时,在固硫速度、固硫容量和钙利用率等方面,固硫剂的综合利用效果最佳。     

颗粒油页岩在流化床燃烧过程中的传热Biot数

传热Ｂｉｏｔ数的大小是判别颗粒内部温度均匀性的依据，计算了颗粒油页岩在流化床燃烧条件下脱挥发分过程和半焦燃烧过程的Ｂｉｏｔ数。结果表明，脱挥发分过程中颗粒油页岩内部存在着较大的温度梯度，半焦燃烧过程的Ｂｉｏｔ数小于０．１，可将颗粒视为等温．讨论了相关的动力学处理方法。