Failure of cilia of reprogram following segmental ampullary reversal of the rabbit oviduct

Summary Cilia exhibited unidirectional and coordinated movement within microsurgically reversed segments of rabbit ampulla when examined up to 13 months after surgery. The direction of ciliary beating was opposite that of the remainder of the oviduct.This research was supported in part by a grant (HD 09339-06) from the National Institutes of Health and the Bioassay and Smooth Muscle Core Laboratories (NIH grant P30 HD10202).     

煤油在超声速气流中横向喷射的实现

设计新型的单次高压燃油喷射系统，测量了油管内的压力时间曲线，并得到不同延时的阴影照射，研究了煤油在超声速气流中的非定常横向喷射问题。结果表明：煤油射流的穿透深度大，雾化过程可分４个区域，气动力是影响雾化的关键因素。射流柱的破碎是由沿表面传播的表面波造成的，破碎点位表面波的波谷。     

CMR spectral analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol and its isomers

Zusammenfassung Die¹³C-NMR-Spektren des Tetrahydrocannabinols und seiner Isomeren wurden aufgenommen und vollständig analysiert.

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Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Naturally Occurring Substances. IX. For the preceding article seeE. Wenkert, C.-J. Chang, D. W. Cochran andR. Pellicciari, Experientia28, paper No. 1099 (1972).

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U.S. Public Health Service predoctoral fellow, 1967–1971.

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U.S. Public Health Service predoctoral fellow, 1969–1972.     

Sequencing of Aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with A. fumigatus and A. oryzae

The aspergilli comprise a diverse group of filamentous fungi spanning over 200 million years of evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of the model organism Aspergillus nidulans, and a comparative study with Aspergillus fumigatus, a serious human pathogen, and Aspergillus oryzae, used in the production of sake, miso and soy sauce. Our analysis of genome structure provided a quantitative evaluation of forces driving long-term eukaryotic genome evolution. It also led to an experimentally validated model of mating-type locus evolution, suggesting the potential for sexual reproduction in A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Our analysis of sequence conservation revealed over 5,000 non-coding regions actively conserved across all three species. Within these regions, we identified potential functional elements including a previously uncharacterized TPP riboswitch and motifs suggesting regulation in filamentous fungi by Puf family genes. We further obtained comparative and experimental evidence indicating widespread translational regulation by upstream open reading frames. These results enhance our understanding of these widely studied fungi as well as provide new insight into eukaryotic genome evolution and gene regulation.     

Glacial--interglacial stability of ocean pH inferred from foraminifer dissolution rates

The pH of the ocean is controlled by the chemistry of calcium carbonate. This system in turn plays a large role in regulating the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere on timescales of thousands of years and longer. Reconstructions of ocean pH and carbonate-ion concentration are therefore needed to understand the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the pH of the whole ocean is thought to have been significantly more basic, as inferred from the isotopic composition of boron incorporated into calcium carbonate shells, which would partially explain the lower atmospheric CO2 concentration at that time. Here we reconstruct carbonate-ion concentration--and hence pH--of the glacial oceans, using the extent of calcium carbonate dissolution observed in foraminifer faunal assemblages as compiled in the extensive global CLIMAP data set. We observe decreased carbonate-ion concentrations in the glacial Atlantic Ocean, by roughly 20 micromolkg-1, while little change occurred in the Indian and Pacific oceans relative to today. In the Pacific Ocean, a small (5 micromolkg-1) increase occurred below 3,000m. This rearrangement of ocean pH may be due to changing ocean circulation from glacial to present times, but overall we see no evidence for a shift in the whole-ocean pH as previously inferred from boron isotopes.     

Microbiological transformation of cannabinoids

Summary Microorganisms were screened for their ability to modify 2 synthetic cannabinoid substrates (I andII). Structure analyses revealed that microorganisms transformed the substrates by (a) primary oxidation of the side chain, -oxidation of the side chain, ketone formation on the side chain or cyclohexene ring, (b) secondary hydroxylation on the side chain, (c) aromatization of the cyclohexene ring, and (d) tertiary hydroxylation at the b/c ring juncture.