铯对小麦叶片光合特性影响的研究

随着环境中铯(Cs)污染日益恶化,铯对生物毒害作用的研究受到越来越多的关注.为了探讨铯对植物光合作用的影响,在石英砂和Hoagland营养液培养体系下,从三叶期开始用浓度为0、0.5、1、5、10、20 mmol·L-1的133Cs+[CsCl]处理小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)幼苗.在处理后的第0、7、14、21、28 d时,检测小麦光合特性的改变.结果表明:用0.5 mmol·L-1和1 mmol·L-1低浓度133Cs+处理7 d后,小麦叶片的叶绿素含量、叶圆片放氧活性、类囊体膜电子传递活性均显著高于对照;但随133Cs+浓度的增加及处理时间的延长,这些参数的数值均显著下降.此外,光合系统II(PSII)活性的下降速率高于光合系统I(PSI)下降速率,说明PSII相对于PSI更容易受到133Cs+的胁迫伤害.这些结果表明133Cs+对小麦的毒害效应受时间和浓度的双重制约.低浓度133Cs+可以促进小麦光合作用,而高浓度133Cs+则显著抑制小麦光合作用.     

微波辅助下锡林浩特褐煤的CS_2-丙酮萃取物组成分析

在微波辅助下用等体积的CS2-丙酮为溶剂对锡林浩特褐煤进行萃取,萃取物用GC/MS分析.结果表明:萃取物中共检测到70种有机化合物,可分类为烷烃、烯烃、芳烃、酚类、醛类、酮类、脂肪酸、酯类和含氮化合物.含氮化合物含量和种类均为最多,共26种含氮化合物,相对含量为54.36%,推测因为CS2和丙酮之间存在缔合关系,促使含氮化合物从煤中被萃取出来.     

具有完美匹配且直径不大于7的强优美树

一棵具有n个顶点且有完美匹配M的树T,若有一个优美标号f使得对T的每条边uv∈M都有f(u)+f(v)=n-1,则称树T是强优美的.证明所有直径不大于7且有完美匹配的树都是强优美的,并给出了一种构造大的强优美树的方法.     

黔西北某地伴生多金属低品位铁矿工艺矿物学研究

以化学分析、化学物相分析、透反射显微镜及EPMA为主要研究手段,对黔西北某地伴生多金属低品位铁矿的工艺矿物学特征进行了详细研究。该区含矿岩石为一套以火山成因为主的火山碎屑岩,矿石中有价元素除铁外,伴生有钛、铜、镓、铌等。载铁矿物工艺矿物学研究结果表明,矿石中铁主要以褐铁矿形式存在,与粘土矿物常常混杂出现,分布不均,团块大小差异也大,矿物间的嵌布关系复杂,提示依靠传统物理选矿难达到有用矿物的富集。除褐铁矿外,矿石中存在少量硅铁钛金属互化物。     

基于ANSYS的盘式制动器制动噪声分析

针对汽车盘式制动器制动过程中的噪声问题,以振动噪声理论为基础,通过3D绘图软件Pro/e建立制动盘和摩擦片模型,通过Ansys有限元软件对其进行了动力学分析,提取了其前15阶模态并进行了分析,发现制动盘等零件的某几阶模态是引起制动尖叫的主要诱因,对降低制动过程中出现的尖叫以及结构的优化有指导帮助作用。     

真空退火对ZnS与PbS混合薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

采用电子束蒸发的方法在石英基片上一次沉积厚度约为400nm的ZnS与PbS混合薄膜多个样品,随后将不同样品在3×10-3Pa的真空中分别以100～600℃退火1h.样品的成分、结晶性能、表面形貌和光学性质分别采用X射线能量色散谱、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和分光光度计等进行检测.结果表明,制备态样品为非晶态,300℃真空退火的样品已开始结晶;当退火温度不低于500℃时,退火过程中,混合薄膜中的PbS大量挥发,退火后样品中的PbS含量明显减小.随着退火温度从100℃升高到600℃,样品的表面粗糙度和表面颗粒尺寸是先减小、后增大;光学透射率则呈现先升高后下降再升高的变化特性;退火后混合薄膜光学性质的变化与薄膜的成分、结晶性能和表面形貌的变化密切相关.     

冻藏对面筋蛋白二级结构的影响

采用圆二色谱法表征了不同冻藏模式和冻藏时间对小麦面筋蛋白二级结构的影响.结果表明:在SDS溶液中,未经冻藏的面筋蛋白二级结构主要由β折叠和无规则卷曲组成;当冻藏时间小于60天时,两种冻藏模式对小麦面筋蛋白的二级结构影响不大;恒温冻藏模式中面筋蛋白二级结构在冻藏90天时变化最显著,易溶部分中α螺旋转化为β折叠和β转角,难溶部分中β折叠和β转角转化为α螺旋和无规则卷曲;冻融冻藏模式中面筋蛋白二级结构在冻藏60天时变化最显著,易溶部分中α螺旋转化为β折叠和无规则卷曲,难溶部分中β折叠和β转角转化为α螺旋和无规则卷曲.这说明,在恒温冻藏模式下,只有当冻藏时间达到或超过90天的时候,才对面筋蛋白的二级结构产生影响,而在冻融模式下,冻藏时间仅为60天时便可对面筋蛋白的二级结构产生影响.     

Preparing Ca-P coating on biodegradable magnesium alloy by hydrothermal method: In vitro degradation behavior

Magnesium alloys are potentially attractive biodegradable materials.However,their rapid corrosion rate limits their biomedical application.To slow down the rate of biodegradation,a protective calcium-phosphate coating was formed on a magnesium alloy substrate by a hydrothermal method.Scanning electron microscope results showed that the coating consisted of two layers with different crystalline characteristics.The loose outer layer showed a prism-like crystal structure,while the compact inner layer is a dense ultra-fine regular di-pyramid-like structure with an average grain dimension of ～200 nm.The compositions of the inner layer and outer layer were calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca-def HA) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPa),respectively.The coating adhered well to the substrate with a thickness of about 15 m.Immersion in Hank’s solution indicated that the coating could significantly improve the degradation properties of magnesium alloy.The pH of the solution containing the coated samples increased much more slowly than the untreated control.After 8 d immersion,the uncoated sample had corroded seriously while the coated sample was much less corroded.The Ca/P atom ratio in both the layers of the coating increased and the coating was still protecting the substrate.The two layers of the coating corroded differently because of differences in solubility.The outer layer was more severely attacked and many holes were formed on the surface,the inner layer suffered less attack.In addition,a growth of precipitate on the inner layer was observed,indicating that surface bioactivity was improved by the coating.Thus,magnesium alloys coated with a Ca-P coating prepared by a hydrothermal method are promising candidate biodegradable biomaterials,and further investigation of in vivo degradation behavior is suggested.     

Preparation and cellular uptake of PLGA particles loaded with lamivudine

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with lamivudine and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared via a double emulsion method. The influences of experiments parameters such as volume of inner aqueous phase, concentration of organic phase and ultrasonication time on the particle size and drug entrapment efficiency were investigated, obtaining PLGA particles with a diameter of ~260 nm and drug entrapment efficiency of ~35%. The particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmittance electron microscopy, showing a core-shell structure. BCA assay found that 58 mg BSA was present on/in 1 g LPB particles. The loaded lamivudine showed a burst release at beginning and sustained release until 24 h in physiological conditions. Low pH could accelerate the release of lamivudine from PLGA particles, making the PLGA particles potential intelligent intracellular drug carriers. The PLGA particles were readily internalized into the human liver cells within a short time and increased gradually with the prolongation of incubation time regardless of the loading of lamivudine. The particles either resided within lysosomes or transferred to cytoplasm, but could not enter into the cell nucleus. The cell viability was not significantly influenced in the presence of the particles regardless of lamivudine encapsulation, suggesting that this kind of particles may be a good candidate for the intracellular anti-hepatitis B drug delivery.     

酸碱淋溶对尾矿砂含水率和重金属含量的影响

为研究酸碱溶液对尾矿砂含水率和重金属含量的影响,采用室内土柱动态淋溶的方法,对采自阜新同乃矿尾矿坝的尾矿进行实验,测得不同pH溶液动态淋溶后的尾矿砂含水率,并应用火焰原子吸收光谱法,测出尾矿砂中6种重金属元素在淋溶后的含量,结果表明:①经酸碱溶液淋溶后尾矿砂土体的含水率出现增加的现象;②淋溶液pH从4增加到7时,Cu和Cr的含量逐渐减少,淋溶液pH从7增加到10时,Cu和Cr的含量逐渐增加;相反Mn和Ni的含量先随pH的增加而增加,在pH大于8和8.5左右开始降低;Fe含量出现略微减少的趋势;Cd含量在淋溶液pH 4～6.5范围内逐渐增加,而后含量降低。文中淋溶液选择的是酸碱溶液而不是纯净水,所以用此结果描述尾矿库的环境和安全情况更具有实际意义。