常压蒸馏塔模拟分析

根据常减压炼油装置在线模拟分析与优化控制的需要，研究了常减压蒸馏塔模型建立及求解方法，设计开发成功该装置的严格在线模拟分析优化系统．结合实际工艺流程，通过研究分析原油常压蒸馏塔的结构特点，提出了模拟常压蒸馏装置的模块法收敛求解新策略，即把该装置分解为精馏、吸收、闪蒸等模块的流程组合，克服了现有模拟方法的局限性，可方便地将已有的数学模型、解算方法等成熟模块应用于常压塔的模拟分析，准确有效地进行装置的严格在线模拟与优化．     

阳离子表面活性剂CTAB与PVA相互作用性质研究

通过粘度、电导率、表面张力以及紫外吸收光谱等手段,研究水溶性中性聚合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)与阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)之间的相互作用。结果表明,PVA与CTAB之间有一定的相互作用,从而使体系表现出异常的粘度行为,显示出一定的电粘效应,并导致其混合溶液的最大紫外吸收峰发生了红移,未观察到PVA的加入对CTAB溶液表面张力和临界胶束浓度的影响。     

应用BP神经网络模型实现内圆磨床主要零件的快速反应设计

用数字化模型代替三维实体模型，将内圆磨床主要大件的BP神经网络模型放入数据库信息管理系统，应用较简单的使用方法实现了零件结构的再修改、灵敏度分析及优化．根据所提出的方法，通过从数据库信息管理系统中调用桥板的数据文件，对其进行结构参数修改、灵敏度分析及以第1阶扭转频率最高为目标的设计变量自动搜索寻优计算，结果表明将BP神经网络模型与数据库信息管理系统结合是实现零件快速反应设计的有效途径．     

水-有机两相体系长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究--阳离子表面活性剂结构的影响

合成了四种季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂C22H45N（CH3）2C2H5Br(二十二烷基乙基二甲基溴化铵)，C22H45N(CH3)2C4H9Br(二十二烷基丁基二甲基溴化铵)，C22H45N(CH3)2C8H17Br(二十二烷基辛基二甲基溴化铵)，C22H45N(CH3)2C12H25Br(二十二烷基十二烷基二甲基溴化铵)，并考察了其对Rh-TPPTS[TPPTS：P(m—C6H4SO3Na)3]催化的水—有机两相长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应性能的影响．研究结果表明，在该体系中添加含有疏水长链的阳离子表面活性剂后，反应性能得到明显改善．     

一种基于SPIHT的分层图像压缩方法

提出一种利用SPIHT算法进行图像分层压缩的编码方法,该方法首先利用图像平滑技术将图像分解为平滑部分和轮廓部分,然后以一定的编码率分别对它们进行编码.实验结果表明,合理分配各层的编码率,能够获得视觉效果比单独采用SPIHT编码更好的编码图像.     

Lightning activity on the central Tibetan Plateau and its response to convective available potential energy

Lightning flash activities on the central Tibetan Plateau have been studied by using the satellite-based Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)database from January 1998 to July 2002.The lightning activity shows a clear diurnal variation on the central Plateau.The peak lightning activity appears at about 17:00 which is 3 h earlier than that in Jingxhou,Hubei in the same latitude belt nearby,indicating that the lightning activity is a sensitive indicator of solar heating on the Plateau.The lightning discharge is weaker on the Plateau than Jingzhou.Hubei and other low-altitude continental regions because of the lower convective available potential energy(CAPE)on the Plateau.The CAPE on the Plateau is 12 times lower than that in Jingzhou,Hubei,and 20 times lower than that in the sea-level region,such as Guangzhou and Florida.However,the sensitivity of lightning activity to CAPE changes on the Plateau is up to 30 times more sensitive than other prominent low-altitude regions.     

C－isotope composition and significance of the Sinian on the Tarim plate

102 samples of limestones,mudrocks shales and tillites from the Sinian in Kuluketage have been analyzed ,Four formations in the Sinian belong to glacial deposits in which the differences in δ^13C are distinct (-14.7‰- 4.2‰),Distinctly negative δ^13C excursions for three times support the viwe of three glacial deposits in this area suggested by previous authors,except for the durations of them ,δ^13C values are generally positive in the Beiyixi Formation of lower part of the Lower Sinian ,representing probably the rock records of a continental rift related to break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent,There are three times of distinct excursions of δ^13C curve in all strata,The first one is from positive values at the bottom to about -5‰ at the top of the Beiyixi Formation ,The second one,from 0‰-3‰ in the Arletonggou Formation of upper part of the Lower Sinian to -3.4‰---14.4‰ in the Teruiaiken Formation.The third one,from positive values in the Zhamoketi Formation of lower part of the Upper Sinian to negative values in glacial varves at the top of the Hankeerqiaoke Formation.     

A new Euprox from the Late Miocene of Yuanmou,Yunnan Province,China,with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

The Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan Province is a hotspot for the research of early homind evolution and its environmental background.During the implementation of the Program“Research of the Origin and Evolution of Early Man and Its Environmental Baqckground” from 1998 to 2001,a huge quantity of hominoid and mammal fossils were collected.The present report systematically describes an Euprox robustus sp.nov.identified during the recent laboratory work on the collected material.Euprox is a group of earliest cervids with true antlers.The new species is the third one of the genus discovered in China.Judged by its morphologic characteristics,the new species feed on juicy and tender leaves of dicotyledon.It implies that the vegetation of its epoch in the Yuanmou Basin is a kind of southern subtropical evergreen forest and the climate is humid and temperate with evident seasonality.The latter is mostly influenced by the monsoon and secondly by the latitude.     

Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

Progress in the study of tectophysicochemistry

Tectophysicochemistry is a research area that deals with the interrelations between physical and chemical changes of crustal materials caused by tectonism. A given tectonic force may be resolved into two parts: homogeneous stress and differential stress. Homogeneous stress refers to isotopic pressure, which is superimposed on the original pressure and affects the equilibrium of various chemical reactions. It is also a factor that influences petrogenesis,metallogenesis and metamorphism. Differential stress is commonly produced when external forces act on a given solid body. It may cause deformation of crustal materials and generate various kinds of structural features. Tectophysicochemistry pays special attention to pressure, temperature and other physicochemical conditions produced or induced by tectonism and studies the influences of additional tectonic parameters on various chemical equilibria, so it gradually develops into an independent area of science.